Current understanding of T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

IF 5 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY
Xiuyuan Lu, Sho Yamasaki
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引用次数: 10

Abstract

As an important part of adaptive immunity, T cells are indispensable in the defense against pathogens including viruses. SARS-CoV-2 is a new human coronavirus that occurred at the end of 2019 and has caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, most of the infected patients recovered without any antiviral therapies, suggesting an effective immunity developed in the bodies. T cell immunity responds upon SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination and plays crucial roles in eliminating the viruses and generating T cell memory. Specifically, a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells could support the production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are also protective against the infection. SARS-CoV-2-recognizing T cells could be detected in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed donors, but the role of these cross-reactive T cells is still in debate. T cell responses could be diverse across individuals, mainly due to the polymorphism of HLAs. Thus, compared to antibodies, T cell responses are generally less affected by the mutations of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Up to now, a huge number of studies on SARS-CoV-2-responsive T cells have been published. In this review, we introduced some major findings addressing the questions in the main aspects about T cell responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2, to summarize the current understanding of COVID-19.

目前对SARS-CoV-2的T细胞免疫的认识。
T细胞作为适应性免疫的重要组成部分,在抵御包括病毒在内的病原体方面发挥着不可缺少的作用。SARS-CoV-2是一种新的人类冠状病毒,于2019年底发生,并引起了COVID-19大流行。然而,大多数受感染的患者在没有任何抗病毒治疗的情况下康复,这表明体内形成了有效的免疫力。T细胞免疫对SARS-CoV-2感染或疫苗接种作出反应,并在消除病毒和产生T细胞记忆方面发挥关键作用。具体来说,CD4+ T细胞亚群可以支持抗sars - cov -2抗体的产生,细胞毒性CD8+ T细胞也可以防止感染。在未暴露于sars - cov -2的供体中可以检测到识别sars - cov -2的T细胞,但这些交叉反应性T细胞的作用仍存在争议。不同个体的T细胞反应可能不同,这主要是由于hla的多态性。因此,与抗体相比,T细胞反应通常受SARS-CoV-2变体突变的影响较小。到目前为止,已经发表了大量关于sars - cov -2反应性T细胞的研究。本文综述了SARS-CoV-2诱导T细胞应答的主要方面的一些主要发现,以总结目前对COVID-19的认识。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.10
自引率
1.20%
发文量
45
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Inflammation and Regeneration is the official journal of the Japanese Society of Inflammation and Regeneration (JSIR). This journal provides an open access forum which covers a wide range of scientific topics in the basic and clinical researches on inflammation and regenerative medicine. It also covers investigations of infectious diseases, including COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases, which involve the inflammatory responses. Inflammation and Regeneration publishes papers in the following categories: research article, note, rapid communication, case report, review and clinical drug evaluation.
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