Gut Microbiome and Its Impact on Obesity and Obesity-Related Disorders.

Q1 Medicine

Current Gastroenterology Reports Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI:10.1007/s11894-022-00859-0

Senthilkumar Sankararaman, Kimberly Noriega, Sujithra Velayuthan, Thomas Sferra, Robert Martindale

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引用次数: 7

Abstract

Purpose of review: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. Gut microbiota intimately influence host energy metabolism, and immune response. Studies indicate a prominent role of gut dysbiosis in propagating inflammation that is associated with the development of obesity and obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This article will review the current literature on gut microbiome and its impact on obesity and obesity-related disorders.

Recent findings: An altered gut microbial composition in obesity and obesity-related disorders is associated with enhanced energy extraction from the non-digestible dietary carbohydrates, increased gut permeability, increased production of proinflammatory metabolites, such as lipopolysaccharides, resulting in systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. Gut microbiota modulation can be achieved either by dietary manipulation or by administration of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and/or fecal microbiota transplantation aiming at the improvement of the gut dysbiosis in obesity and metabolic disorders. Further clinical trials are required to better elucidate the dose, and frequency of these interventions and also their long-term impact on host metabolism.

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肠道微生物组及其对肥胖和肥胖相关疾病的影响。

综述目的:超重和肥胖的患病率在世界范围内以惊人的速度增长。肠道菌群密切影响宿主的能量代谢和免疫反应。研究表明，肠道生态失调在炎症传播中发挥着重要作用，炎症与肥胖和肥胖相关疾病(如2型糖尿病、代谢综合征和非酒精性脂肪性肝病)的发展有关。本文将综述目前关于肠道微生物群及其对肥胖和肥胖相关疾病的影响的文献。最近的研究发现:肥胖和肥胖相关疾病患者肠道微生物组成的改变与从不可消化的膳食碳水化合物中提取的能量增加、肠道通透性增加、促炎代谢产物(如脂多糖)的产生增加有关，从而导致全身炎症和胰岛素抵抗。肠道菌群调节可以通过饮食控制或通过施用益生菌、益生元、合成菌和/或粪便微生物群移植来实现，旨在改善肥胖和代谢紊乱的肠道生态失调。需要进一步的临床试验来更好地阐明这些干预的剂量、频率以及它们对宿主代谢的长期影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Gastroenterology Reports Medicine-Gastroenterology

CiteScore

7.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： As the field of gastroenterology and hepatology rapidly evolves, the wealth of published literature can be overwhelming. The aim of the journal is to help readers stay abreast of such advances by offering authoritative, systematic reviews by leading experts. We accomplish this aim by appointing Section Editors who invite international experts to contribute review articles that highlight recent developments and important papers published in the past year. Major topics in gastroenterology are covered, including pediatric gastroenterology, neuromuscular disorders, infections, nutrition, and inflammatory bowel disease. These reviews provide clear, insightful summaries of expert perspectives relevant to clinical practice. An Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field.