Phytochemical Analysis, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Properties of Two Herbs (Tristemma mauritianum and Crassocephalum bougheyanum) and One Tree (Lavigeria macrocarpa) Species.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Properties of Two Herbs (<i>Tristemma mauritianum</i> and <i>Crassocephalum bougheyanum</i>) and One Tree (<i>Lavigeria macrocarpa</i>) Species.","authors":"Irene Chinda Kengne, Aimé Gabriel Fankam, Elodie Konack Yamako, Jean-De-Dieu Tamokou","doi":"10.1155/2023/2565857","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytochemicals present in medicinal plants (herbs, shrubs, and trees) are endowed with high antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antifungal activities of <i>Tristemma mauritianum</i>, <i>Crassocephalum bougheyanum,</i> and <i>Lavigeria macrocarpa.</i> Chemical composition of the plant extracts was determined using standard methods. The antioxidant activities were performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO), and hydroxyl (OH) scavenging assays. The antifungal activity of plant extracts and their combinations with antifungals was evaluated against eleven <i>Candida spp</i>. using the broth microdilution method by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The quantitative chemical analysis of the extracts of <i>T. mauritianum</i>, <i>L. macrocarpa,</i> and <i>C. bougheyanum</i> showed that they contain phenols, tannins, and flavonoids that vary according to the plant species and extracts. All the plant extracts presented promising antifungal (MIC = 64-2048 <i>µ</i>g/mL) and antioxidant activities. The extract of <i>T. mauritianum</i> displayed the highest antifungal (MIC = 64-256 <i>µ</i>g/mL) and antioxidant (IC<sub>50</sub> = 19.052 ± 1.11 <i>μ</i>g/mL) activities which can be explained by its high phenolic content. Interestingly, extracts of <i>T. mauritianum</i>, <i>L. macrocarpa</i>, and <i>C. bougheyanum</i> displayed synergistic effects (fractional inhibitory concentration index, FICI ≤ 0.5) with ketoconazole against clinical resistant isolates. The results of the present study demonstrate promising antifungal and antioxidant activities of the tested plants that are associated to their phenol, tannin, and flavonoid contents. Hence, extracts of <i>T. mauritianum</i> and <i>L. macrocarpa</i> could be deeply investigated as antifungal alone and in combination with conventional antifungal drugs to treat infections caused by <i>Candida spp</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":7369,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2565857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9891821/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2565857","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Phytochemicals present in medicinal plants (herbs, shrubs, and trees) are endowed with high antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antifungal activities of Tristemma mauritianum, Crassocephalum bougheyanum, and Lavigeria macrocarpa. Chemical composition of the plant extracts was determined using standard methods. The antioxidant activities were performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO), and hydroxyl (OH) scavenging assays. The antifungal activity of plant extracts and their combinations with antifungals was evaluated against eleven Candida spp. using the broth microdilution method by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The quantitative chemical analysis of the extracts of T. mauritianum, L. macrocarpa, and C. bougheyanum showed that they contain phenols, tannins, and flavonoids that vary according to the plant species and extracts. All the plant extracts presented promising antifungal (MIC = 64-2048 µg/mL) and antioxidant activities. The extract of T. mauritianum displayed the highest antifungal (MIC = 64-256 µg/mL) and antioxidant (IC50 = 19.052 ± 1.11 μg/mL) activities which can be explained by its high phenolic content. Interestingly, extracts of T. mauritianum, L. macrocarpa, and C. bougheyanum displayed synergistic effects (fractional inhibitory concentration index, FICI ≤ 0.5) with ketoconazole against clinical resistant isolates. The results of the present study demonstrate promising antifungal and antioxidant activities of the tested plants that are associated to their phenol, tannin, and flavonoid contents. Hence, extracts of T. mauritianum and L. macrocarpa could be deeply investigated as antifungal alone and in combination with conventional antifungal drugs to treat infections caused by Candida spp.
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