{"title":"Enteroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes: Multiple Mechanisms and Factors?","authors":"Richard E Lloyd, Manasi Tamhankar, Åke Lernmark","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042320-015952","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors trigger the onset of autoimmune mechanisms responsible for development of autoimmunity to β cell antigens and subsequent development of T1D. A potential role of virus infections has long been hypothesized, and growing evidence continues to implicate enteroviruses as the most probable triggering viruses. Recent studies have strengthened the association between enteroviruses and development of autoimmunity in T1D patients, potentially through persistent infections. Enterovirus infections may contribute to different stages of disease development. We review data from both human cohort studies and experimental research exploring the potential roles and molecular mechanisms by which enterovirus infections can impact disease outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.1000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9242008/pdf/nihms-1816500.pdf","citationCount":"23","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annual review of medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042320-015952","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors trigger the onset of autoimmune mechanisms responsible for development of autoimmunity to β cell antigens and subsequent development of T1D. A potential role of virus infections has long been hypothesized, and growing evidence continues to implicate enteroviruses as the most probable triggering viruses. Recent studies have strengthened the association between enteroviruses and development of autoimmunity in T1D patients, potentially through persistent infections. Enterovirus infections may contribute to different stages of disease development. We review data from both human cohort studies and experimental research exploring the potential roles and molecular mechanisms by which enterovirus infections can impact disease outcome.
期刊介绍：
The Annual Review of Medicine, which has been published since 1950, focuses on important advancements in diverse areas of medicine. These include AIDS/HIV, cardiology, clinical pharmacology, dermatology, endocrinology/metabolism, gastroenterology, genetics, immunology, infectious disease, neurology, oncology/hematology, pediatrics, psychiatry, pulmonology, reproductive medicine, and surgery. The journal's current volume has transitioned from a gated access model to an open access model through the Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program. All articles published in the journal are now available under a CC BY license.
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