Bright Yaw Vigbedor, Clement Osei Akoto, Ralph Kwakye, Jonathan Osei-Owusu, David Neglo, Pius Kwashie
{"title":"Antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal activities and gas chromatographic fingerprint of fractions from the root bark of <i>Afzelia africana</i>.","authors":"Bright Yaw Vigbedor, Clement Osei Akoto, Ralph Kwakye, Jonathan Osei-Owusu, David Neglo, Pius Kwashie","doi":"","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Afzelia africana</i> is a tropical plant with numerous ethno-medicinal benefits. The plant has been used for the treatment of pain, hernia, fever, malaria, inflammation and microbial infections.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To perform bioassay-guided fractionation, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the bark of <i>Afzelia africana</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Column chromatography fractionation, antioxidant activity (% (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity))), antimicrobial activity (microbroth dilution: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), MBC/MIC ratio), and synergistic activities (Checkerboard assay: Fraction Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI)).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bioassay-guided fractionation of <i>A. africana</i> produced four fractions that displayed promising free radical scavenging activities in the ABTS (54-93)% and the DPPH (35-76)% assays in the ranking order of F1(93-54)>F4(81-58)>F2(74-58)>F3(72-55) and F3(77-42)>F1(64-46)>F4(55-44)>F2(47-35) respectively at a concentration range of 1.0-0.01 mg/mL. The fraction F1 (MBC: 2.5-5.0 mg/mL) and F4 (MBC: 1.25-10.0 mg/mL) exhibited broad spectrum of superior bactericidal effects than F2 (MBC≥100.0 mg/mL) and F3 (MBC: 12.5-100.0 mg/mL) against <i>Staphylococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli</i>, fluconazole-resistant <i>Candida albicans</i>, methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i> (standard strain). The two most active fractions (F1 and F4) reported synergistic effects (FICI≤0.5) against <i>S. typhi</i> whilst the F4 reported additional synergism against <i>E. coli, K. pneumonia</i>, and <i>S. typhi</i> when combined with ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, the two fractions reported synergistic effects against <i>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> when combined with tetracycline whilst F1 reported antifungal synergism against fluconazole resistant <i>Candida albicans</i> when combined with fluconazole and ketoconazole.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study has confirmed the antioxidant, antimicrobial and synergistic uses of <i>A. africana</i> for the treatment of both infectious and non-infectious disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13891,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology","volume":"13 6","pages":"60-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9884338/pdf/ijbmb0013-0060.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Afzelia africana is a tropical plant with numerous ethno-medicinal benefits. The plant has been used for the treatment of pain, hernia, fever, malaria, inflammation and microbial infections.
Objectives: To perform bioassay-guided fractionation, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the bark of Afzelia africana.
Results: Bioassay-guided fractionation of A. africana produced four fractions that displayed promising free radical scavenging activities in the ABTS (54-93)% and the DPPH (35-76)% assays in the ranking order of F1(93-54)>F4(81-58)>F2(74-58)>F3(72-55) and F3(77-42)>F1(64-46)>F4(55-44)>F2(47-35) respectively at a concentration range of 1.0-0.01 mg/mL. The fraction F1 (MBC: 2.5-5.0 mg/mL) and F4 (MBC: 1.25-10.0 mg/mL) exhibited broad spectrum of superior bactericidal effects than F2 (MBC≥100.0 mg/mL) and F3 (MBC: 12.5-100.0 mg/mL) against Staphylococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans (standard strain). The two most active fractions (F1 and F4) reported synergistic effects (FICI≤0.5) against S. typhi whilst the F4 reported additional synergism against E. coli, K. pneumonia, and S. typhi when combined with ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, the two fractions reported synergistic effects against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when combined with tetracycline whilst F1 reported antifungal synergism against fluconazole resistant Candida albicans when combined with fluconazole and ketoconazole.
Conclusion: The study has confirmed the antioxidant, antimicrobial and synergistic uses of A. africana for the treatment of both infectious and non-infectious disease.
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