Prediction of beef tenderness and juiciness using consumer and descriptive sensory attributes

Abstract

The impact of different cooking methods, degree of doneness, cuts, and marbling scores on beef juiciness and tenderness have been examined. However, relationships between tenderness and juiciness, the two major components of beef texture, for descriptive and consumer sensory data with Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and overall consumer liking have not been elucidated using US consumers recently. The objective was to use two data sets that measured consumer sensory and beef descriptive tenderness and juiciness attributes to understand relationships between consumer and trained descriptive tenderness and juiciness attributes, and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and overall consumer liking. Data were analyzed in two sets, top loin steaks (n = 119) or beef cuts (n = 276) that included top loin steaks, tenderloin steaks, top sirloin steaks, and bottom round roasts. Average WBSF values for top loin steaks and beef cuts were 26.0 and 28.5 N, respectively. Consumer attributes were not strong predictors of WBSF. WBSF was more highly related to descriptive tenderness ratings (R² = 0.37 for beef cuts). Overall liking was correlated to consumer attributes, most strongly to flavor liking (R² = 0.94 for beef cuts). Descriptive and consumer juiciness ratings did not appreciably improve predictability of regression equations for either WBSF or consumer overall liking. These results indicated that using a WBSF value of 28 N or less for beef cuts would provide assurance for moderately tender beef as defined by descriptive sensory evaluation, and WBSF values between 30 and 32 N were slightly tender (as defined by descriptive sensory evaluation). Beef with WBSF values of 40 or higher were defined as slightly tough or tougher.