Stress, associative learning, and decision-making

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Jacqueline Giovanniello , Christian Bravo-Rivera , Amiel Rosenkranz , K. Matthew Lattal
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Exposure to acute and chronic stress has significant effects on the basic mechanisms of associative learning and memory. Stress can both impair and enhance associative learning depending on type, intensity, and persistence of the stressor, the subject’s sex, the context that the stress and behavior is experienced in, and the type of associative learning taking place. In some cases, stress can cause or exacerbate the maladaptive behavior that underlies numerous psychiatric conditions including anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorder, and others. Therefore, it is critical to understand how the varied effects of stress, which may normally facilitate adaptive behavior, can also become maladaptive and even harmful. In this review, we highlight several findings of associative learning and decision-making processes that are affected by stress in both human and non-human subjects and how they are related to one another. An emerging theme from this work is that stress biases behavior towards less flexible strategies that may reflect a cautious insensitivity to changing contingencies. We consider how this inflexibility has been observed in different associative learning procedures and suggest that a goal for the field should be to clarify how factors such as sex and previous experience influence this inflexibility.

压力、联想学习和决策。
急性和慢性压力对联想学习和记忆的基本机制有显著影响。压力会损害和增强联想学习,这取决于压力源的类型、强度和持续性、受试者的性别、压力和行为所处的环境以及发生联想学习的类型。在某些情况下,压力会导致或加剧适应不良行为,这是许多精神疾病的基础,包括焦虑症、强迫症、创伤后应激障碍、物质使用障碍等。因此,了解压力的各种影响是如何变得不适应甚至有害的,这一点至关重要,因为压力通常会促进适应性行为。在这篇综述中,我们强调了在人类和非人类受试者中受压力影响的联想学习和决策过程的几个发现,以及它们之间的关系。这项工作的一个新主题是,压力使行为偏向于不太灵活的策略,这可能反映出对不断变化的突发事件的谨慎不敏感。我们考虑了在不同的联想学习过程中是如何观察到这种不灵活的,并建议该领域的目标应该是澄清性别和以前的经历等因素如何影响这种不灵活。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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