{"title":"National levels, changes and correlates of ideal cardiovascular health among Beninese adults: evidence from the 2008 to 2015 STEPS surveys.","authors":"Michael Kaboré, Yéri Esther Hien, Lucresse Corine Fassinou, Kadari Cissé, Calypse Ngwasiri, Yves Coppieters, Fati Kirakoya Samandoulougou","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000417","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A higher number of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular-related and all-cause mortality. However, the change in CVH metrics has rarely been studied in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the level and changes of CVH metrics and their correlates among Beninese adults between 2008 and 2015.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary analysis was performed on data obtained from Benin's 2008 and 2015 WHO Stepwise surveys (STEPS). In total, 3617 and 3768 participants aged 25-64 years were included from both surveys, respectively. CVH metrics were assessed using the American Heart Association definition, which categorised smoking, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC) and glycaemia into 'ideal', 'intermediate' and 'poor' CVH. The prevalence of ideal CVH metrics was standardised using the age and sex structure of the 2013 population census.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Few participants met all seven ideal CVH metrics, and ideal CVH significantly declined between 2008 and 2015 (7.1% (95% CI 6.1% to 8.1%) and 1.2% (95% CI 0.8% to 1.5%), respectively). The level of poor smoking (8.0% (95% CI 7.1% to 8.9%) and 5.6% (95% CI 4.8% to 6.3%)) had decreased, whereas that of poor BP (25.9% (95% CI 24.5% to 27.4%) and 32.0% (95% CI 30.0% to 33.5%)), poor total cholesterol (1.5% (95% CI 1.0% to 1.9%) and 5.5% (95% CI 4.8% to 6.2%)) and poor fruit and vegetable consumption (34.2% (95% CI 32.4% to 35.9%) and 51.4% (95% CI 49.8% to 53.0%)) significantly increased. Rural residents and young adults (25-34 years) had better CVH metrics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proportion of adults with ideal CVH status was low and declined significantly between 2008 and 2015 in Benin, emphasising the need for primordial prevention targeting urban areas and older people to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/ec/bmjnph-2021-000417.PMC9813615.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000417","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/12/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: A higher number of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular-related and all-cause mortality. However, the change in CVH metrics has rarely been studied in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the level and changes of CVH metrics and their correlates among Beninese adults between 2008 and 2015.
Methods: Secondary analysis was performed on data obtained from Benin's 2008 and 2015 WHO Stepwise surveys (STEPS). In total, 3617 and 3768 participants aged 25-64 years were included from both surveys, respectively. CVH metrics were assessed using the American Heart Association definition, which categorised smoking, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC) and glycaemia into 'ideal', 'intermediate' and 'poor' CVH. The prevalence of ideal CVH metrics was standardised using the age and sex structure of the 2013 population census.
Results: Few participants met all seven ideal CVH metrics, and ideal CVH significantly declined between 2008 and 2015 (7.1% (95% CI 6.1% to 8.1%) and 1.2% (95% CI 0.8% to 1.5%), respectively). The level of poor smoking (8.0% (95% CI 7.1% to 8.9%) and 5.6% (95% CI 4.8% to 6.3%)) had decreased, whereas that of poor BP (25.9% (95% CI 24.5% to 27.4%) and 32.0% (95% CI 30.0% to 33.5%)), poor total cholesterol (1.5% (95% CI 1.0% to 1.9%) and 5.5% (95% CI 4.8% to 6.2%)) and poor fruit and vegetable consumption (34.2% (95% CI 32.4% to 35.9%) and 51.4% (95% CI 49.8% to 53.0%)) significantly increased. Rural residents and young adults (25-34 years) had better CVH metrics.
Conclusion: The proportion of adults with ideal CVH status was low and declined significantly between 2008 and 2015 in Benin, emphasising the need for primordial prevention targeting urban areas and older people to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors.
理想心血管健康(CVH)指标的数量越高,心血管相关和全因死亡的风险越低。然而,在撒哈拉以南非洲很少对CVH指标的变化进行研究。我们调查了2008年至2015年间贝宁成年人CVH指标的水平和变化及其相关性。方法:对贝宁2008年和2015年世卫组织逐步调查(STEPS)数据进行二次分析。总共有3617和3768名25-64岁的参与者分别参与了这两项调查。CVH指标是根据美国心脏协会的定义进行评估的,该定义将吸烟、水果和蔬菜消费、体育活动、体重指数(BMI)、血压(BP)、总胆固醇(TC)和血糖分为“理想”、“中等”和“差”CVH。使用2013年人口普查的年龄和性别结构对理想CVH指标的流行率进行了标准化。结果:很少有参与者满足所有七个理想CVH指标,理想CVH在2008年至2015年间显著下降(分别为7.1% (95% CI 6.1%至8.1%)和1.2% (95% CI 0.8%至1.5%))。不良吸烟(8.0% (95% CI 7.1%至8.9%)和5.6% (95% CI 4.8%至6.3%))的水平有所下降,而不良血压(25.9% (95% CI 24.5%至27.4%)和32.0% (95% CI 30.0%至33.5%)),不良总胆固醇(1.5% (95% CI 1.0%至1.9%)和5.5% (95% CI 4.8%至6.2%))和不良水果和蔬菜消费(34.2% (95% CI 32.4%至35.9%)和51.4% (95% CI 49.8%至53.0%))的水平显著增加。农村居民和年轻人(25-34岁)有更好的CVH指标。结论:2008 - 2015年,贝宁成年人CVH状态较理想的比例较低,且显著下降,强调需要针对城市地区和老年人进行初级预防,以减轻心血管疾病危险因素的负担。