The effects of socioeconomic status on working memory in childhood are partially mediated by intersensory processing of audiovisual events in infancy

IF 1.9 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Elizabeth V. Edgar , Bret Eschman , James Torrence Todd , Kaitlyn Testa , Bethany Ramirez , Lorraine E. Bahrick
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Abstract

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-established predictor of individual differences in childhood language and cognitive functioning, including executive functions such as working memory. In infancy, intersensory processing—selectively attending to properties of events that are redundantly specified across the senses at the expense of non-redundant, irrelevant properties—also predicts language development. Our recent research demonstrates that individual differences in intersensory processing in infancy predict a variety of language outcomes in childhood, even after controlling for SES. However, relations among intersensory processing and cognitive outcomes such as working memory have not yet been investigated. Thus, the present study examines relations between intersensory processing in infancy and working memory in early childhood, and the role of SES in this relation. Children (N = 101) received the Multisensory Attention Assessment Protocol at 12-months to assess intersensory processing (face-voice and object-sound matching) and received the WPPSI at 36-months to assess working memory. SES was indexed by maternal education, paternal education, and income. A variety of novel findings emerged. 1) Individual differences in intersensory processing at 12-months predicted working memory at 36-months of age even after controlling for SES. 2) Individual differences in SES predicted intersensory processing at 12-months of age. 3) The well-established relation between SES and working memory was partially mediated by intersensory processing. Children from families of higher-SES have better intersensory processing skills at 12-months and this combination of factors predicts greater working memory two years later at 36-months. Together these findings reveal the role of intersensory processing in cognitive functioning.

社会经济地位对儿童工作记忆的影响部分是由婴儿期视听事件的感官间处理介导的。
社会经济地位(SES)是儿童语言和认知功能(包括工作记忆等执行功能)个体差异的一个公认预测指标。在婴儿时期,以牺牲非冗余、不相关的属性为代价,选择性地处理跨感官冗余指定的事件属性也可以预测语言发展。我们最近的研究表明,即使在控制了社会经济地位之后,婴儿期感官间处理的个体差异也可以预测儿童期的各种语言结果。然而,感官间加工与工作记忆等认知结果之间的关系尚未得到研究。因此,本研究考察了婴儿期的感官间加工和儿童早期的工作记忆之间的关系,以及SES在这种关系中的作用。儿童(N=101)在12个月时接受多传感器注意力评估方案,以评估传感器间处理(面部语音和物体声音匹配),并在36个月时进行WPPSI,以评估工作记忆。SES通过母亲教育、父亲教育和收入进行指数化。出现了各种新颖的发现。1) 12个月时传感器间处理的个体差异预测了36个月大时的工作记忆,即使在控制SES后也是如此。2) SES的个体差异预测了12个月大时的感觉间加工。3) SES与工作记忆之间的关系在一定程度上是由传感器间加工介导的。来自社会经济地位较高家庭的儿童在12个月时具有更好的跨感官处理技能,这种因素的组合预测两年后36个月时会有更大的工作记忆。这些发现共同揭示了感觉间加工在认知功能中的作用。
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来源期刊
Infant Behavior & Development
Infant Behavior & Development PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
4.80%
发文量
94
期刊介绍: Infant Behavior & Development publishes empirical (fundamental and clinical), theoretical, methodological and review papers. Brief reports dealing with behavioral development during infancy (up to 3 years) will also be considered. Papers of an inter- and multidisciplinary nature, for example neuroscience, non-linear dynamics and modelling approaches, are particularly encouraged. Areas covered by the journal include cognitive development, emotional development, perception, perception-action coupling, motor development and socialisation.
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