The Facts and Family Secrets of Plasmids That Replicate via the Rolling-Circle Mechanism.

IF 8 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
M Pilar Garcillán-Barcia, Radoslaw Pluta, Fabián Lorenzo-Díaz, Alicia Bravo, Manuel Espinosa
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Plasmids are self-replicative DNA elements that are transferred between bacteria. Plasmids encode not only antibiotic resistance genes but also adaptive genes that allow their hosts to colonize new niches. Plasmid transfer is achieved by conjugation (or mobilization), phage-mediated transduction, and natural transformation. Thousands of plasmids use the rolling-circle mechanism for their propagation (RCR plasmids). They are ubiquitous, have a high copy number, exhibit a broad host range, and often can be mobilized among bacterial species. Based upon the replicon, RCR plasmids have been grouped into several families, the best known of them being pC194 and pUB110 (Rep_1 family), pMV158 and pE194 (Rep_2 family), and pT181 and pC221 (Rep_trans family). Genetic traits of RCR plasmids are analyzed concerning (i) replication mediated by a DNA-relaxing initiator protein and its interactions with the cognate DNA origin, (ii) lagging-strand origins of replication, (iii) antibiotic resistance genes, (iv) mobilization functions, (v) replication control, performed by proteins and/or antisense RNAs, and (vi) the participating host-encoded functions. The mobilization functions include a relaxase initiator of transfer (Mob), an origin of transfer, and one or two small auxiliary proteins. There is a family of relaxases, the MOBV family represented by plasmid pMV158, which has been revisited and updated. Family secrets, like a putative open reading frame of unknown function, are reported. We conclude that basic research on RCR plasmids is of importance, and our perspectives contemplate the concept of One Earth because we should incorporate bacteria into our daily life by diminishing their virulence and, at the same time, respecting their genetic diversity.

Abstract Image

通过滚动循环机制复制的质粒的事实和家族秘密。
质粒是在细菌之间转移的自我复制的DNA元素。质粒不仅编码抗生素抗性基因,还编码适应性基因,使宿主能够在新的生态位定居。质粒转移是通过偶联(或动员)、噬菌体介导的转导和自然转化来实现的。成千上万的质粒使用滚动循环机制进行繁殖(RCR质粒)。它们无处不在,具有高拷贝数,表现出广泛的宿主范围,并且经常可以在细菌物种之间调动。根据复制子的不同,RCR质粒被分为几个家族,其中最著名的是pC194和pUB110 (Rep_1家族),pMV158和pE194 (Rep_2家族),pT181和pC221 (Rep_trans家族)。分析了RCR质粒的遗传性状,包括:(i) DNA放松启动蛋白介导的复制及其与同源DNA起源的相互作用,(ii)复制的滞后链起源,(iii)抗生素抗性基因,(iv)动员功能,(v)由蛋白质和/或反义rna执行的复制控制,以及(vi)参与宿主编码的功能。动员功能包括转移的松弛引发剂(Mob),转移的起源,和一个或两个小的辅助蛋白。有一个松弛家族,以质粒pMV158为代表的MOBV家族,已经被重新审视和更新。家庭秘密,如未知功能的假定开放阅读框架,被报道。我们的结论是,对RCR质粒的基础研究是重要的,我们的观点是考虑一个地球的概念,因为我们应该通过减少细菌的毒性,同时尊重它们的遗传多样性,将细菌纳入我们的日常生活。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
18.80
自引率
0.80%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (MMBR), a journal that explores the significance and interrelationships of recent discoveries in various microbiology fields, publishes review articles that help both specialists and nonspecialists understand and apply the latest findings in their own research. MMBR covers a wide range of topics in microbiology, including microbial ecology, evolution, parasitology, biotechnology, and immunology. The journal caters to scientists with diverse interests in all areas of microbial science and encompasses viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, unicellular eukaryotes, and microbial parasites. MMBR primarily publishes authoritative and critical reviews that push the boundaries of knowledge, appealing to both specialists and generalists. The journal often includes descriptive figures and tables to enhance understanding. Indexed/Abstracted in various databases such as Agricola, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents- Life Sciences, EMBASE, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Illustrata, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Summon, and Scopus, among others.
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