Respiratory tract infection: an unfamiliar risk factor in high-altitude pulmonary edema.

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Raushni Choudhary, Swati Kumari, Manzoor Ali, Tashi Thinlas, Stanzen Rabyang, Aastha Mishra
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Abstract

The dramatic changes in physiology at high altitude (HA) as a result of the characteristic hypobaric hypoxia condition can modify innate and adaptive defense mechanisms of the body. As a consequence, few sojourners visiting HA with mild or asymptomatic infection may have an enhanced susceptibility to high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), an acute but severe altitude sickness. It develops upon rapid ascent to altitudes above 2500 m, in otherwise healthy individuals. Though HAPE has been studied extensively, an elaborate exploration of the HA disease burden and the potential risk factors associated with its manifestation are poorly described. The present review discusses respiratory tract infection (RTI) as an unfamiliar but important risk factor in enhancing HAPE susceptibility in sojourners for two primary reasons. First, the symptoms of RTI s resemble those of HAPE. Secondly, the imbalanced pathways contributing to vascular dysfunction in HAPE also participate in the pathogenesis of the infectious processes. These pathways have a crucial role in shaping host response against viral and bacterial infections and may further worsen the clinical outcomes at HA. Respiratory tract pathogenic agents, if screened in HAPE patients, can help in ascertaining their role in disease risk and also point toward their association with the disease severity. The microbial screenings and identifications of pathogens with diseases are the foundation for describing potential molecular mechanisms underlying host response to the microbial challenge. The prior knowledge of such infections may predict the manifestation of disease etiology and provide better therapeutic options.

呼吸道感染:高海拔肺水肿的一个陌生风险因素。
高海拔地区(HA)特有的低压缺氧条件会导致生理机能发生巨大变化,从而改变人体的先天和适应性防御机制。因此,少数轻度感染或无症状的高海拔地区旅行者可能更容易患上高海拔肺水肿(HAPE),这是一种急性但严重的高原病。高海拔肺水肿是一种急性但严重的高原反应,当快速上升到海拔 2500 米以上时,原本健康的人也会出现高海拔肺水肿。尽管对高山肺水肿的研究已经非常广泛,但对高山肺水肿的疾病负担以及与其表现相关的潜在风险因素的详细探讨却很少。本综述将呼吸道感染(RTI)作为一个陌生但重要的风险因素来讨论,认为它可增加旅居者对高原反应性肺炎的易感性,主要原因有两个。首先,RTI 的症状与 HAPE 相似。其次,导致 HAPE 中血管功能障碍的失衡途径也参与了感染过程的发病机制。这些途径在形成宿主对病毒和细菌感染的反应方面起着至关重要的作用,并可能进一步恶化 HAPE 的临床结果。如果对 HAPE 患者的呼吸道致病因子进行筛查,将有助于确定它们在疾病风险中的作用,并指出它们与疾病严重程度的关联。微生物筛查和与疾病有关的病原体鉴定是描述宿主应对微生物挑战的潜在分子机制的基础。对此类感染的预先了解可以预测疾病的病因表现,并提供更好的治疗方案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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