Subarachnoid hemorrhage triggers neuroinflammation of the entire cerebral cortex, leading to neuronal cell death.

IF 5 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY
Hiroki Yamada, Yoshitaka Kase, Yuji Okano, Doyoon Kim, Maraku Goto, Satoshi Takahashi, Hideyuki Okano, Masahiro Toda
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a fatal disease, with early brain injury (EBI) occurring within 72 h of SAH injury contributes to its poor prognosis. EBI is a complicated phenomenon involving multiple mechanisms. Although neuroinflammation has been shown to be important prognosis factor of EBI, whether neuroinflammation spreads throughout the cerebrum and the extent of its depth in the cerebral cortex remain unknown. Knowing how inflammation spreads throughout the cerebrum is also important to determine if anti-inflammatory agents are a future therapeutic strategy for EBI.

Methods: In this study, we induced SAH in mice by injecting hematoma into prechiasmatic cistern and created models of mild to severe SAH. In sections of the mouse cerebrum, we investigated neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in the cortex distal to the hematoma injection site, from anterior to posterior region 24 h after SAH injury.

Results: Neuroinflammation caused by SAH spread to all layers of the cerebral cortex from the anterior to the posterior part of the cerebrum via the invasion of activated microglia, and neuronal cell death increased in correlation with neuroinflammation. This trend increased with the severity of the disease.

Conclusions: Neuroinflammation caused by SAH had spread throughout the cerebrum, causing neuronal cell death. Considering that the cerebral cortex is responsible for long-term memory and movement, suppressing neuroinflammation in all layers of the cerebral cortex may improve the prognosis of patients with SAH.

蛛网膜下腔出血引发整个大脑皮层的神经炎症,导致神经元细胞死亡。
背景:蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)是一种致死性疾病,早期脑损伤(EBI)发生在SAH损伤后72h内是其预后较差的原因之一。EBI是一个涉及多种机制的复杂现象。虽然神经炎症已被证明是EBI的重要预后因素,但神经炎症是否在整个大脑中扩散及其在大脑皮层的深度尚不清楚。了解炎症如何在整个大脑中扩散,对于确定抗炎药是否是EBI的未来治疗策略也很重要。方法:采用交叉前池注射血肿法诱导小鼠SAH,建立轻、重度SAH模型。在小鼠大脑切片中,我们研究了SAH损伤24小时后,从前到后区域,血肿注射部位远端皮层的神经炎症和神经元细胞死亡。结果:SAH引起的神经炎症通过激活的小胶质细胞的侵袭,从大脑前部到后部扩散到大脑皮层的所有层,神经元细胞死亡增加与神经炎症相关。这种趋势随着疾病的严重程度而增加。结论:SAH引起的神经炎症已遍及整个大脑,导致神经元细胞死亡。考虑到大脑皮层负责长期记忆和运动,抑制大脑皮层各层的神经炎症可能改善SAH患者的预后。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.10
自引率
1.20%
发文量
45
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Inflammation and Regeneration is the official journal of the Japanese Society of Inflammation and Regeneration (JSIR). This journal provides an open access forum which covers a wide range of scientific topics in the basic and clinical researches on inflammation and regenerative medicine. It also covers investigations of infectious diseases, including COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases, which involve the inflammatory responses. Inflammation and Regeneration publishes papers in the following categories: research article, note, rapid communication, case report, review and clinical drug evaluation.
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