Essential and subtype-dependent function of thyroid hormone receptors during Xenopus metamorphosis.

4区医学 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-25 DOI:10.1016/bs.vh.2023.02.004

Yun-Bo Shi, Yuta Tanizaki, Shouhong Wang, Liezhen Fu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Thyroid hormone (T3) plays critical roles in organ metabolism and development in vertebrates. Anuran metamorphosis is perhaps the most dramatic and best studied developmental process controlled by T3. Many changes in different organs/tissues during anuran metamorphosis resemble the maturation/remodeling of the corresponding organs/tissues during mammalian postembryonic development. The plasma T3 level peaks during both anuran metamorphosis and mammalian postembryonic development. T3 exerts its developmental function through transcriptional regulation via T3 receptors (TRs). Studies on the metamorphosis of two highly related anurans, pseudo-tetraploid Xenopus laevis and diploid Xenopus tropicalis, have led to a dual function model for TRs during development. This has been supported by strong molecular and genetic evidence. Here we review some of the evidence with a focus on more recent gene knockout studies in Xenopus tropicalis. These studies have not only supported the model but also revealed novel and TR subtype-specific roles during Xenopus development, particularly a critical role of TRα in controlling developmental timing and rate.

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非洲爪蟾变态过程中甲状腺激素受体的基本和亚型依赖性功能。

甲状腺激素（T3）在脊椎动物的器官代谢和发育中起着至关重要的作用。Anuran变态可能是T3控制的最引人注目、研究得最好的发育过程。无核变态过程中不同器官/组织的许多变化类似于哺乳动物胚胎后发育过程中相应器官/组织成熟/重塑。血浆T3水平在无核变态和哺乳动物胚胎后发育过程中均达到峰值。T3通过T3受体（TRs）的转录调控发挥其发育功能。对两种高度相关的无核动物，拟四倍体非洲爪蟾和二倍体热带爪蟾的变态研究，已经建立了TRs在发育过程中的双重功能模型。这得到了强有力的分子和遗传学证据的支持。在这里，我们回顾了一些证据，重点是热带爪蟾最近的基因敲除研究。这些研究不仅支持了该模型，而且揭示了非洲爪蟾发育过程中新的TR亚型特异性作用，特别是TRα在控制发育时间和速率方面的关键作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Vitamins and Hormones 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. In the early days of the serial, the subjects of vitamins and hormones were quite distinct. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology, and enzyme mechanisms. Vitamins and Hormones continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines.