Adenoviral-vectored next-generation respiratory mucosal vaccines against COVID-19

IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 VIROLOGY
Sam Afkhami, Alisha Kang, Vidthiya Jeyanathan, Zhou Xing, Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

The world is in need of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines. Although first-generation injectable COVID-19 vaccines continue to be critical tools in controlling the current global health crisis, continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern has eroded the efficacy of these vaccines, leading to staggering breakthrough infections and posing threats to poor vaccine responders. This is partly because the humoral and T-cell responses generated following intramuscular injection of spike-centric monovalent vaccines are mostly confined to the periphery, failing to either access or be maintained at the portal of infection, the respiratory mucosa (RM). In contrast, respiratory mucosal-delivered vaccine can induce immunity encompassing humoral, cellular, and trained innate immunity positioned at the respiratory mucosa that may act quickly to prevent the establishment of an infection. Viral vectors, especially adenoviruses, represent the most promising platform for RM delivery that can be designed to express both structural and nonstructural antigens of SARS-CoV-2. Boosting RM immunity via the respiratory route using multivalent adenoviral-vectored vaccines would be a viable next-generation vaccine strategy.

腺病毒载体新一代抗COVID-19呼吸道黏膜疫苗
世界需要下一代新冠肺炎疫苗。尽管第一代注射新冠肺炎疫苗仍然是控制当前全球卫生危机的关键工具,但严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型变异毒株的持续出现削弱了这些疫苗的效力,导致惊人的突破性感染,并对疫苗反应不佳的人构成威胁。这在一定程度上是因为肌肉注射以刺突为中心的单价疫苗后产生的体液和T细胞反应大多局限于外周,无法进入或维持在感染的入口呼吸道粘膜(RM)。相反,呼吸道粘膜递送的疫苗可以诱导免疫,包括位于呼吸道粘膜的体液、细胞和经过训练的先天免疫,这些免疫可以迅速起作用,防止感染的发生。病毒载体,特别是腺病毒,是RM递送最有前途的平台,可以设计用于表达严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的结构和非结构抗原。使用多价腺病毒载体疫苗通过呼吸途径增强RM免疫将是一种可行的下一代疫苗策略。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.80
自引率
5.10%
发文量
76
审稿时长
83 days
期刊介绍: Current Opinion in Virology (COVIRO) is a systematic review journal that aims to provide specialists with a unique and educational platform to keep up to date with the expanding volume of information published in the field of virology. It publishes 6 issues per year covering the following 11 sections, each of which is reviewed once a year: Emerging viruses: interspecies transmission; Viral immunology; Viral pathogenesis; Preventive and therapeutic vaccines; Antiviral strategies; Virus structure and expression; Animal models for viral diseases; Engineering for viral resistance; Viruses and cancer; Virus vector interactions. There is also a section that changes every year to reflect hot topics in the field.
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