Reviewing not Homer's Iliad, but "Kai Bao Ben Cao": indigo dye-the past, present, and future.

IF 3.4 Q2 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY

Intestinal Research Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI:10.5217/ir.2022.00018

Yusuke Yoshimatsu, Tomohisa Sujino, Takanori Kanai

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 174 UC is a chronic intestinal disease, which has increased worldwide over the last few decades, especially in Asia. Western drugs, such as anti-tumor necrosis factor α and anti-IL-12/23 p40 antibody that provide systemic immunity, are currently used for UC. However, the old Chinese literature “Kai Bao Ben Cao” reported that an indigo compound was used for patients who expressed chronic blood stools around 900 AD. Because we believed in the literature of the past like Schliemann, and Suzuki et al. reported the retrospective study about the efficacy of indigo naturalis (IN), which mainly contains AhR ligands, on patients with UC in Japan, we conducted prospective clinical trial of IN for them, followed by a randomized controlled trial (INDIGO study). As a result, we demonstrated that 8 weeks of IN is safe and effective in patients with UC, even if in treatment refractory patients. Recent Western technologies revealed that AhR ligands lead to innovative treatments that promote the regeneration of mucosal epithelial cells. Of note, IN causes adverse effects, such as headaches, gastrointestinal symptoms, mild liver dysfunction, nonspecific enteritis, bowel intussusception, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. As a consequence, inspired by the anticolitic effect of the AhR ligand, both clinical and basic research studies on the efficacy and safety of IN are being conducted. Based on these verifications, we are preparing a consensus statement on the appropriate use of IN based on the fact-finding survey, while developing indigo containing capsule that disintegrates in the large intestine for the clinical trial (first in human) in order to reduce side effects because indigo is extracted as the active ingredient of IN and is assumed to be pISSN 1598-9100 • eISSN 2288-1956 https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00018 Intest Res 2023;21(2):174-176

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不是看荷马的《伊利亚特》，而是看《开宝本操》:靛蓝染料——过去、现在和未来。

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来源期刊

Intestinal Research GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY-

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

10.20%

发文量

审稿时长

38 weeks

期刊介绍： Intestinal Research (Intest Res) is the joint official publication of the Asian Organization for Crohn''s and Colitis (AOCC), Chinese Society of IBD (CSIBD), Japanese Society for IBD (JSIBD), Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID), Taiwan Society of IBD (TSIBD) and Colitis Crohn''s Foundation (India) (CCF, india). The aim of the Journal is to provide broad and in-depth analysis of intestinal diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disease, which shows increasing tendency and significance. As a Journal specialized in clinical and translational research in gastroenterology, it encompasses multiple aspects of diseases originated from the small and large intestines. The Journal also seeks to propagate and exchange useful innovations, both in ideas and in practice, within the research community. As a mode of scholarly communication, it encourages scientific investigation through the rigorous peer-review system and constitutes a qualified and continual platform for sharing studies of researchers and practitioners. Specifically, the Journal presents up-to-date coverage of medical researches on the physiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and therapeutic interventions of the intestinal diseases. General topics of interest include inflammatory bowel disease, colon and small intestine cancer or polyp, endoscopy, irritable bowel syndrome and other motility disorders, infectious enterocolitis, intestinal tuberculosis, and so forth. The Journal publishes diverse types of academic materials such as editorials, clinical and basic reviews, original articles, case reports, letters to the editor, brief communications, perspective, statement or commentary, and images that are useful to clinicians and researchers.