Physiology of sedentary behavior.

IF 29.9 1区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY
Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-16 DOI:10.1152/physrev.00022.2022
Ana J Pinto, Audrey Bergouignan, Paddy C Dempsey, Hamilton Roschel, Neville Owen, Bruno Gualano, David W Dunstan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Sedentary behaviors (SB) are characterized by low energy expenditure while in a sitting or reclining posture. Evidence relevant to understanding the physiology of SB can be derived from studies employing several experimental models: bed rest, immobilization, reduced step count, and reducing/interrupting prolonged SB. We examine the relevant physiological evidence relating to body weight and energy balance, intermediary metabolism, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the musculoskeletal system, the central nervous system, and immunity and inflammatory responses. Excessive and prolonged SB can lead to insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction, shift in substrate use toward carbohydrate oxidation, shift in muscle fiber from oxidative to glycolytic type, reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, loss of muscle mass and strength and bone mass, and increased total body fat mass and visceral fat depot, blood lipid concentrations, and inflammation. Despite marked differences across individual studies, longer term interventions aimed at reducing/interrupting SB have resulted in small, albeit marginally clinically meaningful, benefits on body weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c and HDL concentrations, systolic blood pressure, and vascular function in adults and older adults. There is more limited evidence for other health-related outcomes and physiological systems and for children and adolescents. Future research should focus on the investigation of molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning adaptations to increasing and reducing/interrupting SB and the necessary changes in SB and physical activity to impact physiological systems and overall health in diverse population groups.

久坐行为的生理学。
久坐行为(SB)的特点是在坐姿或斜倚姿势下能量消耗低。与理解SB生理学相关的证据可以从采用几种实验模型的研究中获得:卧床休息、固定、减少步数和减少/中断长时间SB。我们检查了与体重和能量平衡、中间代谢、心血管和呼吸系统、肌肉骨骼系统、,中枢神经系统以及免疫和炎症反应。SB过量和延长会导致胰岛素抵抗、血管功能障碍、底物使用向碳水化合物氧化转变、肌肉纤维从氧化型转变为糖酵解型、心肺功能下降、肌肉质量、力量和骨量损失、全身脂肪量和内脏脂肪库增加、血脂浓度和炎症。尽管个体研究之间存在显著差异,但旨在减少/中断SB的长期干预措施对成人和老年人的体重、腰围、体脂百分比、空腹血糖、胰岛素、HbA1c和HDL浓度、收缩压和血管功能产生了微小的益处,尽管临床意义不大。其他与健康相关的结果和生理系统以及儿童和青少年的证据更为有限。未来的研究应侧重于研究支持对增加和减少/中断SB的适应的分子和细胞机制,以及SB和身体活动的必要变化,以影响不同人群的生理系统和整体健康。
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来源期刊
Physiological reviews
Physiological reviews 医学-生理学
CiteScore
56.50
自引率
0.90%
发文量
53
期刊介绍: Physiological Reviews is a highly regarded journal that covers timely issues in physiological and biomedical sciences. It is targeted towards physiologists, neuroscientists, cell biologists, biophysicists, and clinicians with a special interest in pathophysiology. The journal has an ISSN of 0031-9333 for print and 1522-1210 for online versions. It has a unique publishing frequency where articles are published individually, but regular quarterly issues are also released in January, April, July, and October. The articles in this journal provide state-of-the-art and comprehensive coverage of various topics. They are valuable for teaching and research purposes as they offer interesting and clearly written updates on important new developments. Physiological Reviews holds a prominent position in the scientific community and consistently ranks as the most impactful journal in the field of physiology.
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