The Effects of Auditory Working Memory Task on Situation Awareness in Complex Dynamic Environments: An Eye-movement Study.

IF 2.9 3区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Human Factors Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-02 DOI:10.1177/00187208231191389

Xudong Xie, Tiantian Li, Shuai Xu, Yingyue Yu, Yifeng Ma, Zhen Liu, Ming Ji

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the effect of auditory working memory task on situation awareness (SA) and eye-movement patterns in complex dynamic environments.

Background: Many human errors in aviation are caused by a lack of SA, and distraction from auditory secondary tasks is a serious threat to SA. However, it remains unclear how auditory working memory tasks affect SA and eye-movement patterns.

Method: Participants (n = 28) were randomly allocated to two groups and received different periods of visual search training (short versus long). They subsequently completed a situation awareness measurement task in three auditory secondary task conditions (without secondary task, auditory calculation task, and auditory 2-back task). Eye-movement data were collected during the situation awareness measurement task.

Results: The auditory 2-back task significantly reduced overall SA, Level 1 SA, dwell times, and total percentage of fixation time on task-related areas of interests in the SA measurement task. Overall SA and Level 3 SA were not reduced by the auditory 2-back task in individuals in the longer visual search training time condition.

Conclusion: Auditory working memory load impairs SA in the perception and projection stage; however, greater experience can overcome impairment of SA in the projection stage.

Application: This study provided possible approaches to preventing loss of SA: (1) improving crew members' communication skills to ensure the accurate and clear transmission of information, reducing the difficulty of processing information, and (2) providing targeted cognitive training tailored to each pilot's level of experience.

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听觉工作记忆任务对复杂动态环境中情境意识的影响：眼动研究

目的：本研究调查了听觉工作记忆任务对复杂动态环境中情境意识（SA）和眼动模式的影响：本研究调查了听觉工作记忆任务对复杂动态环境中情境意识（SA）和眼动模式的影响：背景：航空业中的许多人为错误都是由于缺乏态势感知造成的，而听觉次要任务的分心严重威胁着态势感知。然而，听觉工作记忆任务如何影响SA和眼动模式仍不清楚：参与者（n = 28）被随机分配到两组，接受不同时间段的视觉搜索训练（短时与长时）。随后，他们在三种听觉辅助任务条件下（无辅助任务、听觉计算任务和听觉2-back任务）完成情境意识测量任务。在情境意识测量任务中收集了眼动数据：结果：在情境感知测量任务中，听觉 2-Back 任务明显减少了整体情境感知、1 级情境感知、停留时间以及任务相关兴趣区域的总固定时间百分比。在视觉搜索训练时间较长的条件下，听觉2-back任务并没有减少个体的总体SA和3级SA：结论：听觉工作记忆负荷会损害感知和投射阶段的SA；然而，更多的经验可以克服投射阶段的SA损害：本研究为预防SA丧失提供了可行的方法：（1）提高机组成员的沟通技巧，确保信息传递准确清晰，降低信息处理难度；（2）根据每位飞行员的经验水平提供有针对性的认知训练。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Human Factors 管理科学-行为科学

CiteScore

10.60

自引率

6.10%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society publishes peer-reviewed scientific studies in human factors/ergonomics that present theoretical and practical advances concerning the relationship between people and technologies, tools, environments, and systems. Papers published in Human Factors leverage fundamental knowledge of human capabilities and limitations – and the basic understanding of cognitive, physical, behavioral, physiological, social, developmental, affective, and motivational aspects of human performance – to yield design principles; enhance training, selection, and communication; and ultimately improve human-system interfaces and sociotechnical systems that lead to safer and more effective outcomes.