Comparison of the Effectiveness of Transepidemal and Intradermal Immunization of Mice with the Vacinia Virus.

IF 2 4区 生物学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY
S N Shchelkunov, A A Sergeev, K A Titova, S A Pyankov, E V Starostina, M B Borgoyakova, L A Kisakova, D N Kisakov, L I Karpenko, S N Yakubitskiy
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The spread of the monkeypox virus infection among humans in many countries outside of Africa, which started in 2022, is now drawing the attention of the medical and scientific communities to the fact that immunization against this infection is sorely needed. According to current guidelines, immunization of people with the first-generation smallpox vaccine based on the vaccinia virus (VACV) LIVP strain, which is licensed in Russia, should be performed via transepidermal inoculation (skin scarification, s.s.). However, the long past experience of using this vaccination technique suggests that it does not ensure virus inoculation into patients' skin with enough reliability. The procedure of intradermal (i.d.) injection of a vaccine can be an alternative to s.s. inoculation. The effectiveness of i.d. vaccination can depend on the virus injection site on the body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the development of the humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice immunized with the LIVP VACV strain, which was administered either by s.s. inoculation or i.d. injection into the same tail region of the animal. A virus dose of 105 pfu was used in both cases. ELISA of serum samples revealed no significant difference in the dynamics and level of production of VACV-specific IgM and IgG after i.d. or s.s. vaccination. A ELISpot analysis of splenocytes from the vaccinated mice showed that i.d. administration of VACV LIVP to mice induces a significantly greater T-cell immune response compared to s.s. inoculation. In order to assess the protective potency, on day 45 post immunization, mice were intranasally infected with lethal doses of either the cowpox virus (CPXV) or the ectromelia virus (ECTV), which is evolutionarily distant from the VACV and CPXV. Both vaccination techniques ensured complete protection of mice against infection with the CPXV. However, when mice were infected with a highly virulent strain of ECTV, 50% survived in the i.d. immunized group, whereas only 17% survived in the s.s. immunized group. It appears, therefore, that i.d. injection of the VACV can elicit a more potent protective immunity against orthopoxviruses compared to the conventional s.s. technique.

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Abstract Image

Vacinia病毒经皮和经皮免疫小鼠效果的比较。
猴痘病毒感染始于2022年,在非洲以外的许多国家在人类中传播,现在正引起医学和科学界的注意,迫切需要对这种感染进行免疫接种。根据目前的指导方针,使用在俄罗斯获得许可的基于痘苗病毒(VACV)LIVP株的第一代天花疫苗的人应通过经表皮接种(皮肤划痕)进行免疫接种。然而,使用这种疫苗接种技术的长期经验表明,它不能确保病毒以足够的可靠性接种到患者的皮肤中。皮内(i.d.)注射疫苗的程序可以替代s.s.接种。静脉注射疫苗的有效性可能取决于体内的病毒注射部位。因此,本研究的目的是比较用LIVP-VACV株免疫的BALB/c小鼠的体液和细胞免疫反应的发展,该株通过s.s.接种或i.d.注射到动物的同一尾部区域。在这两种情况下都使用了105 pfu的病毒剂量。血清样品的ELISA显示,在i.d.或s.s.疫苗接种后,VACV特异性IgM和IgG的动态和产生水平没有显著差异。来自接种疫苗的小鼠的脾细胞的ELISpot分析显示,与s.s.接种相比,对小鼠i.d.施用VACV LIVP诱导显著更大的T细胞免疫反应。为了评估保护效力,在免疫后第45天,用致命剂量的牛痘病毒(CPXV)或与VACV和CPXV在进化上相距遥远的缺角病毒(ECTV)鼻内感染小鼠。两种疫苗接种技术都确保了小鼠对CPXV感染的完全保护。然而,当小鼠感染高毒力ECTV菌株时,i.d.免疫组中50%存活,而s.s.免疫组中只有17%存活。因此,与传统的s.s.技术相比,静脉注射VACV似乎可以引发对正痘病毒更有效的保护性免疫。
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来源期刊
Acta Naturae
Acta Naturae 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
5.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Acta Naturae is an international journal on life sciences based in Moscow, Russia. Our goal is to present scientific work and discovery in molecular biology, biochemistry, biomedical disciplines and biotechnology. These fields represent the most important priorities for the research and engineering development both in Russia and worldwide. Acta Naturae is also a periodical for those who are curious in various aspects of biotechnological business, innovations in pharmaceutical areas, intellectual property protection and social consequences of scientific progress. The journal publishes analytical industrial surveys focused on the development of different spheres of modern life science and technology. Being a radically new and totally unique journal in Russia, Acta Naturae is useful to both representatives of fundamental research and experts in applied sciences.
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