Elucidating the role of extracellular vesicles in liver injury induced by HIV.

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-03 DOI:10.1080/17474124.2023.2230867

Natalia A Osna, Larisa Y Poluektova

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Liver disease is known as one of the leading co-morbidities in HIV infection, with 18% of non-AIDS-related mortality. There is constant crosstalk between liver parenchymal (hepatocytes) and non-parenchymal cells (macrophages, hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the most important ways of cell-to-cell communication.

Areas covered: We briefly cover the role of EVs in liver disease as well as what is known about the role of small EVs, exosomes, in HIV-induced liver disease potentiated by alcohol as one of the second hits. We also touch large EVs, apoptotic bodies (ABs), in HIV-induced liver injury, the mechanisms of their formation and potentiation by second hits, and their role in the progression of liver disease.

Expert opinion/commentary: Liver cells are an important source of EVs, which may provide the connection between different organs via secretion into the circulating blood (exosomes) or serve for the communication between the cells within the organ (ABs). Understanding the role of liver EVs in HIV infection and the involvement of second hits in EV generation would provide a new angle for the analysis of HIV-related liver disease pathogenesis and progression to end-stage liver disease.

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阐明细胞外小泡在HIV诱导的肝损伤中的作用。

引言：肝病是艾滋病病毒感染的主要并发症之一，18%的非艾滋病相关死亡率。肝实质（肝细胞）和非实质细胞（巨噬细胞、肝星状细胞、内皮细胞）之间存在持续的串扰，细胞外小泡（EVs）是细胞间通信的最重要方式之一。涵盖的领域：我们简要介绍了EVs在肝病中的作用，以及已知的小EVs（外泌体）在艾滋病病毒诱导的肝脏疾病中的作用。我们还涉及HIV诱导的肝损伤中的大EVs，即凋亡小体（AB），它们的形成机制和第二次撞击的增强作用，以及它们在肝病进展中的作用。专家意见/评论：肝细胞是EVs的重要来源，它可以通过分泌到循环血液中（外泌体）来提供不同器官之间的连接，或者用于器官内细胞之间的交流（AB）。了解肝脏EV在HIV感染中的作用以及EV生成中第二次命中的参与，将为分析HIV相关肝病的发病机制和进展到终末期肝病提供一个新的角度。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY-

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

2.60%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The enormous health and economic burden of gastrointestinal disease worldwide warrants a sharp focus on the etiology, epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and development of new therapies. By the end of the last century we had seen enormous advances, both in technologies to visualize disease and in curative therapies in areas such as gastric ulcer, with the advent first of the H2-antagonists and then the proton pump inhibitors - clear examples of how advances in medicine can massively benefit the patient. Nevertheless, specialists face ongoing challenges from a wide array of diseases of diverse etiology.