Tyler J Lane, Matthew Carroll, Brigitte M Borg, Tracy A McCaffrey, Catherine L Smith, Caroline X Gao, David Brown, David Poland, Shantelle Allgood, Jillian Ikin, Michael J Abramson
{"title":"Long-term effects of extreme smoke exposure on COVID-19: A cohort study.","authors":"Tyler J Lane, Matthew Carroll, Brigitte M Borg, Tracy A McCaffrey, Catherine L Smith, Caroline X Gao, David Brown, David Poland, Shantelle Allgood, Jillian Ikin, Michael J Abramson","doi":"10.1111/resp.14591","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2014, the Hazelwood coalmine fire shrouded the regional Australian town of Morwell in smoke and ash for 6 weeks. One of the fire's by-products, PM<sub>2.5</sub> , is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 and severe disease. However, it is unclear whether the effect persisted for years after exposure. In this study, we surveyed a cohort established prior to the pandemic to determine whether PM<sub>2.5</sub> from the coalmine fire increased long-term vulnerability to COVID-19 and severe disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From August to December 2022, 612 members of the Hazelwood Health Study's adult cohort, established in 2016/17, participated in a follow-up survey that included standardized items to capture COVID-19 cases, as well as questions about hospitalization and vaccinations. Associations were evaluated in crude and adjusted logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 268 (44%) participants self-reported or met symptom criteria for having had COVID-19 at least once. All models found a positive association, with odds of COVID-19 increasing by between 4% and 30% for a 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in coalmine fire-related PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure. However, the association was significant in only 2 of the 18 models. There were insufficient hospitalizations to examine severity (n = 7; 1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings are inconclusive on the effect of coalmine fire-related PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure on long-term vulnerability to COVID-19. Given the positive association that was robust to modelling variations as well as evidence for a causal mechanism, it would be prudent to treat PM<sub>2.5</sub> from fire events as a long-term risk factor until more evidence accumulates.</p>","PeriodicalId":21129,"journal":{"name":"Respirology","volume":" ","pages":"56-62"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Respirology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14591","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/9/8 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"RESPIRATORY SYSTEM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: In 2014, the Hazelwood coalmine fire shrouded the regional Australian town of Morwell in smoke and ash for 6 weeks. One of the fire's by-products, PM2.5 , is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 and severe disease. However, it is unclear whether the effect persisted for years after exposure. In this study, we surveyed a cohort established prior to the pandemic to determine whether PM2.5 from the coalmine fire increased long-term vulnerability to COVID-19 and severe disease.
Methods: From August to December 2022, 612 members of the Hazelwood Health Study's adult cohort, established in 2016/17, participated in a follow-up survey that included standardized items to capture COVID-19 cases, as well as questions about hospitalization and vaccinations. Associations were evaluated in crude and adjusted logistic regression models.
Results: A total of 268 (44%) participants self-reported or met symptom criteria for having had COVID-19 at least once. All models found a positive association, with odds of COVID-19 increasing by between 4% and 30% for a 10 μg/m3 increase in coalmine fire-related PM2.5 exposure. However, the association was significant in only 2 of the 18 models. There were insufficient hospitalizations to examine severity (n = 7; 1%).
Conclusion: The findings are inconclusive on the effect of coalmine fire-related PM2.5 exposure on long-term vulnerability to COVID-19. Given the positive association that was robust to modelling variations as well as evidence for a causal mechanism, it would be prudent to treat PM2.5 from fire events as a long-term risk factor until more evidence accumulates.
期刊介绍：
Respirology is a journal of international standing, publishing peer-reviewed articles of scientific excellence in clinical and clinically-relevant experimental respiratory biology and disease. Fields of research include immunology, intensive and critical care, epidemiology, cell and molecular biology, pathology, pharmacology, physiology, paediatric respiratory medicine, clinical trials, interventional pulmonology and thoracic surgery.
The Journal aims to encourage the international exchange of results and publishes papers in the following categories: Original Articles, Editorials, Reviews, and Correspondences.
Respirology is the preferred journal of the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand, has been adopted as the preferred English journal of the Japanese Respiratory Society and the Taiwan Society of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and is an official journal of the World Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology.
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