[Nutrition of pregnant. Comparative analysis based on data from a survey of residents of Russian Federation and the Republic of Azerbaijan (on the example of Astrakhan and Baku)].

Q2 Medicine
G R Sagitova, A A Antonova, O V Davydova, D M Faradzhova, G T Mammad-Zada
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Abstract

Poor nutrition of the expectant mother leads to an unfavorable course of pregnancy and a number of serious deviations in the development of the child. Therefore, a multifaceted study of the actual nutrition of a pregnant woman is relevant, including the identification of trends associated with geographical, ethnic, and family characteristics. The study was aimed at conducting a comparative analysis of the nutrition of pregnant women from two cities, Astrakhan (Russian Federation) and Baku (Republic of Azerbaijan), by means of a questionnaire. Material and methods. In the course of a voluntary anonymous survey in 2022, 432 women aged 18-50 years old in the II trimester of pregnancy, living in Baku (n=280, group 1) and Astrakhan (n=152, group 2) have been interviewed. The answers of the respondents were analyzed in terms of eating habits, frequency of intake and food repertoire. Results. An analysis of the nutrition of pregnant women from both cities showed that it is unbalanced in terms of a set of products. Significant violations of the diet were noted in women from both studied groups, for example, a reduction in its multiplicity to two times a day (in group 1 - 2.5% and in group 2 - 7.2%). When conducting a comparative analysis of the nutrition of expectant mothers using the Pearson χ-square contingency coefficient, it was found that the groups had no significant differences in the consumption of milk and dairy products, meat and meat products, fish and seafood. Meat and meat products were used daily by no more than 31% of the surveyed, milk and dairy products - 43%, about half of pregnant women didn't consume fish and seafood. A relationship was established between the frequency of fruit consumption and the city of residence of pregnant women, in Baku women consumed fruits more often. In both groups, the abuse of confectionery and sugar was noted, some women already suffered from diabetes (5.4% from Astrakhan and 0.7% from Baku). Digestive pathology was detected in group 1 - in 11.2% (17), in group 2 - in 29.3% (79) of pregnant women. When conducting a comparative analysis of the frequency of consumption of undesirable products (mayonnaise, sauces, chips, carbonated drinks), it turned out that the groups were homogeneous, no connection with the city of residence was established. During pregnancy, 40.1 and 45.0% of women from 1 and 2 groups, respectively, took vitamin-mineral complexes. The level of vitamin D in the blood serum was determined by 29.6 and 6.8% of the respondents, respectively. A comparative analysis of the content of vitamin D in blood serum, determined respectively in 29.6 and 6.8% of respondents, showed that the groups of subjects were homogeneous, no connection of vitamin D level with the city of residence was found. Conclusion. In general, all the peculiarities of pregnant women's nutrition identified in the course of the survey can lead to an imbalance in the diet in terms of nutrient content, a deficiency of complete proteins, vitamins, and trace elements with excessive consumption of carbohydrates. When conducting a comparative analysis, it was possible to identify differences in the diet of pregnant women, relating only to the consumption of fruits - some respondents from Astrakhan consumed fruits less than once a week. Common unfavorable factors for pregnant women of both groups were the abuse of "undesirable" products, flour products and sugar, as well as the lack of involvement of women in the examination to assess the body's vitamin D supply and the rare prescription of vitamin-mineral complexes by specialists to correct micronutrient deficiencies.

【孕妇营养】基于俄罗斯联邦和阿塞拜疆共和国(以阿斯特拉罕和巴库为例)居民调查数据的比较分析。
孕妇营养不良会导致不利的怀孕过程和儿童发育中的一些严重偏差。因此,对孕妇的实际营养进行多方面的研究是有意义的,包括确定与地理、种族和家庭特征相关的趋势。这项研究的目的是通过调查表对阿斯特拉罕(俄罗斯联邦)和巴库(阿塞拜疆共和国)两个城市孕妇的营养状况进行比较分析。材料和方法。在2022年的一项自愿匿名调查过程中,对居住在巴库(n=280,第一组)和阿斯特拉罕(n=152,第二组)的432名18-50岁妊娠中期妇女进行了访谈。对受访者的回答进行饮食习惯、摄入频率和食物种类的分析。结果。对两个城市孕妇的营养分析表明,从一组产品来看,营养是不平衡的。两个研究组的妇女都注意到严重违反饮食,例如,将其次数减少到每天两次(第1组- 2.5%,第2组- 7.2%)。使用Pearson χ 2权变系数对孕妇的营养状况进行比较分析时,发现各组在牛奶及乳制品、肉类及肉制品、鱼类及海鲜的消费方面没有显著差异。每天食用肉类和肉制品的被调查者不超过31%,食用牛奶和奶制品的占43%,大约一半的孕妇不吃鱼和海鲜。水果消费频率与孕妇居住城市之间存在关系,在巴库,妇女消费水果的频率更高。在这两组中,都注意到滥用糖果和糖,一些妇女已经患有糖尿病(5.4%来自阿斯特拉罕,0.7%来自巴库)。1组有11.2%(17)孕妇有消化道病变,2组有29.3%(79)孕妇有消化道病变。当对不受欢迎的产品(蛋黄酱、酱汁、薯片、碳酸饮料)的消费频率进行比较分析时,结果发现这些群体是同质的,与居住城市没有联系。在怀孕期间,第一组和第二组分别有40.1%和45.0%的女性服用了维生素矿物质复合物。分别有29.6%和6.8%的受访者测定了血清中维生素D的含量。通过对29.6%和6.8%的调查对象血清中维生素D含量的比较分析,发现调查对象的群体是同质的,维生素D水平与居住城市没有联系。结论。总的来说,在调查过程中发现的孕妇营养的所有特点都可能导致营养成分方面的饮食不平衡,缺乏完整的蛋白质、维生素和微量元素,同时过量摄入碳水化合物。在进行比较分析时,有可能确定孕妇饮食的差异,仅与水果消费有关-来自阿斯特拉罕的一些受访者每周食用水果少于一次。对这两组孕妇来说,常见的不利因素是滥用“不受欢迎的”产品,面粉产品和糖,以及妇女缺乏参与评估身体维生素D供应的检查,以及罕见的由专家处方的维生素矿物质复合物来纠正微量营养素缺乏症。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Voprosy pitaniia
Voprosy pitaniia Medicine-Medicine (all)
CiteScore
2.00
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发文量
46
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