A mitotoxic fungicide alters post-ingestive glucose signals necessary for associative learning in honey bees

IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY
Nicole S. DesJardins, Brian H. Smith, Jon F. Harrison
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The Proboscis Extension Reflex (PER) paradigm trains honey bees to associate an odor with a sugar reward and is commonly used to assess impacts on associative learning after exposure to pesticides. While the effects of some types of pesticides have been well-investigated, relatively little attention has been focused on fungicides that are applied to flowering crops. We have previously shown that consumption of field-relevant concentrations of the fungicide Pristine® (active ingredients: 25.2% boscalid, 12.8% pyraclostrobin) impairs honey bee performance in an associative learning assay, but the mechanism of its action has not been investigated. We hypothesized that Pristine® interferes with carbohydrate absorption and/or regulation, thereby disrupting the post-ingestive feedback mechanisms necessary for robust learning. To test this hypothesis, we measured hemolymph glucose and trehalose levels at five time points during the ten minutes after bees consumed a sucrose solution. Pristine®-exposed bees had elevated baseline glucose concentrations in the hemolymph relative to control bees. Hemolymph glucose levels rose significantly within five minutes of feeding in control bees, but not in Pristine®-fed bees. These data suggest that the post-ingestive feedback mechanisms necessary for robust learning are disrupted in bees that have consumed this fungicide, providing a plausible mechanistic explanation for its effects on learning performance in the PER assay. Pristine®-exposed bees may have elevated hemolymph glucose levels because the fungicide elicits an inflammatory response. These results provide additional mechanistic understanding of the negative physiological effects of mitotoxic fungicides on this important pollinator.

Abstract Image

有丝分裂毒性杀菌剂改变蜜蜂摄入后联想学习所需的葡萄糖信号
长鼻扩展反射(PER)范式训练蜜蜂将气味与糖奖励联系起来,通常用于评估接触杀虫剂后对联想学习的影响。虽然一些类型的杀虫剂的效果已经得到了很好的研究,但对应用于开花作物的杀菌剂的关注相对较少。我们之前已经表明,在联想学习试验中,食用与田间相关浓度的杀菌剂Pristine®(活性成分:25.2%波斯卡利德,12.8%吡唑菌胺)会损害蜜蜂的表现,但其作用机制尚未研究。我们假设Pristine®会干扰碳水化合物的吸收和/或调节,从而破坏强健学习所需的摄入后反馈机制。为了验证这一假设,我们在蜜蜂食用蔗糖溶液后的十分钟内,测量了五个时间点的血淋巴葡萄糖和海藻糖水平。与对照蜜蜂相比,暴露于Pristine®的蜜蜂血淋巴中的基线葡萄糖浓度升高。对照蜜蜂在喂食后五分钟内血淋巴葡萄糖水平显著升高,而Pristine®喂食的蜜蜂则没有。这些数据表明,在食用这种杀菌剂的蜜蜂中,强健学习所需的摄入后反馈机制被破坏,这为其在PER测定中对学习表现的影响提供了一个合理的机制解释。暴露于Pristine®的蜜蜂血淋巴葡萄糖水平可能升高,因为杀菌剂会引发炎症反应。这些结果为有丝分裂毒性杀菌剂对这种重要传粉昆虫的负面生理作用提供了额外的机制理解。
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来源期刊
Journal of insect physiology
Journal of insect physiology 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.50%
发文量
77
审稿时长
57 days
期刊介绍: All aspects of insect physiology are published in this journal which will also accept papers on the physiology of other arthropods, if the referees consider the work to be of general interest. The coverage includes endocrinology (in relation to moulting, reproduction and metabolism), pheromones, neurobiology (cellular, integrative and developmental), physiological pharmacology, nutrition (food selection, digestion and absorption), homeostasis, excretion, reproduction and behaviour. Papers covering functional genomics and molecular approaches to physiological problems will also be included. Communications on structure and applied entomology can be published if the subject matter has an explicit bearing on the physiology of arthropods. Review articles and novel method papers are also welcomed.
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