Changes in sex differences in neuroanatomical structure and cognitive behavior across the life span.

IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES
Janice M Juraska
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Sex differences occur in the structure and function of the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which can change from the juvenile period through old age. Although the evidence is incomplete, it appears that in at least some portions of the cortex these differences develop due to the rise of ovarian hormones at puberty and are potentially not dependent on the perinatal rise in testosterone, which is essential for sexual differentiation of the hypothalamus and sexual behavior. During aging of female rats, the presence of continued ovarian hormone secretion after cessation of the estrous cycle also influences sex differences in neuroanatomical structure and cognitive behavior, resulting in nullification or reversal of sex differences seen in younger adults. Sex differences can be altered by experience in a stimulating environment during the juvenile/adolescent period, and sex differences in performance even can be affected by the parameters of a task. Thus, broad generalizations about differences such as "spatial ability" are to be avoided. It is clear that to understand how the brain produces behavior, sex and hormones have to be taken into account.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

神经解剖结构和认知行为的性别差异在整个生命周期中的变化。
大鼠大脑皮层和海马的结构和功能存在性别差异,从幼年到老年都可能发生变化。尽管证据不完整,但至少在大脑皮层的某些部分,这些差异是由于青春期卵巢激素的增加而产生的,而可能不依赖于围产期睾丸激素的增加,而睾丸激素对下丘脑的性别分化和性行为至关重要。在雌性大鼠的衰老过程中,发情周期停止后卵巢激素的持续分泌也会影响神经解剖结构和认知行为的性别差异,导致在年轻成年鼠中出现的性别差异消失或逆转。性别差异可以通过在青少年时期的刺激环境中的经验而改变,而表现上的性别差异甚至可以受到任务参数的影响。因此,要避免对诸如“空间能力”之类的差异进行笼统的概括。很明显,要理解大脑是如何产生行为的,必须考虑到性和激素。
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来源期刊
Learning & memory
Learning & memory 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
5.00%
发文量
45
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The neurobiology of learning and memory is entering a new interdisciplinary era. Advances in neuropsychology have identified regions of brain tissue that are critical for certain types of function. Electrophysiological techniques have revealed behavioral correlates of neuronal activity. Studies of synaptic plasticity suggest that some mechanisms of memory formation may resemble those of neural development. And molecular approaches have identified genes with patterns of expression that influence behavior. It is clear that future progress depends on interdisciplinary investigations. The current literature of learning and memory is large but fragmented. Until now, there has been no single journal devoted to this area of study and no dominant journal that demands attention by serious workers in the area, regardless of specialty. Learning & Memory provides a forum for these investigations in the form of research papers and review articles.
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