Genetic Diversity of Human Fungal Pathogens.

IF 3.1 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY

Current Clinical Microbiology Reports Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI:10.1007/s40588-023-00188-4

Jillian Freese, Sinem Beyhan

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Purpose of review: Fungi represent a central yet often overlooked domain of clinically relevant pathogens that have become increasingly important in human disease. With unique adaptive lifestyles that vary widely across species, human fungal pathogens show remarkable diversity in their virulence strategies. The majority of these fungal pathogens are opportunistic, primarily existing in the environment or as commensals that take advantage of immunocompromised hosts to cause disease. In addition, many fungal pathogens have evolved from non-pathogenic lifestyles. The extent of genetic diversity and heritability of virulence traits remains poorly explored in human fungal pathogens.

Recent findings: Genetic variation caused by mutations, genomic rearrangements, gene gain or loss, changes in ploidy, and sexual reproduction have profound effects on genetic diversity. These mechanisms contribute to the remarkable diversity of fungal genomes and have large impacts on their prevalence in human disease, virulence, and resistance to antifungal therapies.

Summary: Here, we focus on the genomic structure of the most common human fungal pathogens and the aspects of genetic variability that contribute to their dominance in human disease.

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人类真菌病原体的遗传多样性。

综述目的:真菌是临床相关病原体的一个核心但经常被忽视的领域，在人类疾病中变得越来越重要。人类真菌病原体具有独特的适应生活方式，在不同物种之间差异很大，在其毒力策略上表现出显著的多样性。这些真菌病原体中的大多数是机会性的，主要存在于环境中或作为共生体，利用免疫功能低下的宿主引起疾病。此外，许多真菌病原体是从非致病性生活方式进化而来的。在人类真菌病原体中，毒力性状的遗传多样性和遗传力的程度仍未得到充分的研究。最近的研究发现:基因突变、基因组重排、基因获得或丢失、倍性变化和有性生殖引起的遗传变异对遗传多样性有深远的影响。这些机制促成了真菌基因组的显著多样性，并对它们在人类疾病中的流行、毒力和抗真菌治疗的耐药性产生了重大影响。摘要:在这里，我们将重点放在最常见的人类真菌病原体的基因组结构和遗传变异方面，这些变异有助于它们在人类疾病中占主导地位。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Clinical Microbiology Reports MICROBIOLOGY-

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

1.90%

发文量

期刊介绍： Current Clinical Microbiology Reports commissions expert reviews from leading scientists at the forefront of research in microbiology. The journal covers this broad field by dividing it into four key main areas of study: virology, bacteriology, parasitology, and mycology. Within each of the four sections, experts from around the world address important aspects of clinical microbiology such as immunology, diagnostics, therapeutics, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance, and vaccines. Some of the world’s foremost authorities in the field of microbiology serve as section editors and editorial board members. Section editors select topics for which leading researchers are invited to contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, which are highlighted in annotated reference lists. These timely reviews of the literature examine the latest scientific discoveries and controversies as they emerge and are indispensable to both researchers and clinicians. The editorial board, composed of more than 20 internationally diverse members, reviews the annual table of contents, ensures that topics address all aspects of emerging research, and where applicable suggests topics of critical importance to various countries/regions.