Sex differences in the inflammatory response to stroke.

IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY
Seminars in Immunopathology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-10 DOI:10.1007/s00281-022-00969-x
Muhammad Bilal Tariq, Juneyoung Lee, Louise D McCullough
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and disproportionally affects women, in part due to their higher longevity. Older women have poorer outcomes after stroke with high rates of cognitive deficits, depression, and reduced quality of life. Post-stroke inflammatory responses are also sexually dimorphic and drive differences in infarct size and recovery. Factors that influence sex-specific immune responses can be both intrinsic and extrinsic. Differences in gonadal hormone exposure, sex chromosome compliment, and environmental/social factors can drive changes in transcriptional and metabolic profiles. In addition, how these variables interact, changes across the lifespan. After the onset of ischemic injury, necrosis and apoptosis occur, which activate microglia and other glial cells within the central nervous system, promoting the release of cytokines and chemokines and neuroinflammation. Cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses also have dual functions after stroke as they can enhance inflammation acutely, but also contribute to suppression of the inflammatory cascade and later repair. In this review, we provide an overview of the current literature on sex-specific inflammatory responses to ischemic stroke. Understanding these differences is critical to identifying therapeutic options for both men and women.

Abstract Image

中风炎症反应的性别差异。
缺血性中风是发病和死亡的主要原因,对女性的影响尤为严重,部分原因是女性寿命较长。老年女性中风后的预后较差,认知障碍、抑郁和生活质量下降的比例较高。中风后的炎症反应也存在性别差异,并导致梗塞大小和恢复情况的不同。影响性别特异性免疫反应的因素既有内在因素,也有外在因素。性腺激素暴露的差异、性染色体缺陷以及环境/社会因素都会导致转录和代谢特征发生变化。此外,这些变量的相互作用方式也会在人的一生中发生变化。缺血性损伤发生后,细胞会发生坏死和凋亡,从而激活中枢神经系统内的小胶质细胞和其他胶质细胞,促进细胞因子和趋化因子的释放以及神经炎症。参与先天性免疫反应和适应性免疫反应的细胞在中风后也具有双重功能,因为它们既能增强急性炎症反应,也能促进炎症级联反应的抑制和后期修复。在本综述中,我们概述了目前有关缺血性中风的性别特异性炎症反应的文献。了解这些差异对于确定男性和女性的治疗方案至关重要。
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来源期刊
Seminars in Immunopathology
Seminars in Immunopathology 医学-病理学
CiteScore
19.80
自引率
2.20%
发文量
69
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: The aim of Seminars in Immunopathology is to bring clinicians and pathologists up-to-date on developments in the field of immunopathology.For this purpose topical issues will be organized usually with the help of a guest editor.Recent developments are summarized in review articles by authors who have personally contributed to the specific topic.
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