{"title":"Clinical characteristics in 26 children with congenital tuberculosis in Central Southern China: a retrospective study.","authors":"Feng Zhang, Xiao-Fo Zhang, Hai-Yi Zhou","doi":"10.1080/20469047.2023.2246006","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital tuberculosis (CTB) is relatively rare and most patients are described in case reports.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the clinical characteristics of CTB in 26 children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 26 children with CTB from January 2013 to December 2021 in Changsha Central Hospital in Central Southern China was undertaken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age at onset was 25 days (17-33) and within 4 weeks of age in approximately 73% of cases. Of 24 mothers (including two mothers of twins), 18 (75.0%) were asymptomatic during pregnancy, and four were diagnosed with tuberculosis prenatally. The numbers of tuberculous meningitis, tuberculous encephalitis and liver TB were 17 (65.4%), five (19.2%) and four (15.4%), respectively. The main symptoms were fever (<i>n</i> = 18, 69.2%) and cough (<i>n</i> = 16, 61.5%). Positive rates of T-SPOT.TB, acid-fast bacilli smear, culture of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and GeneXpert MTB/RIF test were, respectively, 84.2% (16/19), 42.3% (11/26), 43.5% (10/23) and 83.3% (5/6). Radiograph or computed tomography demonstrated typical pulmonary tuberculous lesions in all cases and the head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed marked meningeal enhancement or parenchymal lesions in seven cases (26.9%). One case had drug-resistant TB. During follow-up, nine cases had varying degrees of liver injury, and one had delayed growth and development. Eight died and 18 recovered satisfactorily.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maternal TB status during pregnancy, the epidemiological history, T-SPOT.TB and other TB-related aetiological tests and imaging are important for the early diagnosis and treatment of CTB, and are associated with a favourable outcome.</p><p><strong>Abbreviations: </strong>AFB: acid-fast bacilli; Amk: amikacin; Cs: cycloserine; CT: computed tomography; E: ethambutol; GeneXpert MTB/RIF: GeneXpert <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and rifampicin resistance; H: isoniazid; IVF-ET: in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer; Lzd: linezolid; Mfx: moxifloxacin; MTB: <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>; mNGS: next generation sequencing; MTB-DNA: <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>-deoxyribonucleic acid; Pto: protionamide; R: rifampicin; TB: tuberculosis; T-SPOT.TB: spot test of mycobacterium TB infection T-lymphocytes; Z: pyrazinamide.</p>","PeriodicalId":19731,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","volume":"42 3-4","pages":"127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Paediatrics and International Child Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2023.2246006","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/8/16 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PEDIATRICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Background: Congenital tuberculosis (CTB) is relatively rare and most patients are described in case reports.
Aim: To investigate the clinical characteristics of CTB in 26 children.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of 26 children with CTB from January 2013 to December 2021 in Changsha Central Hospital in Central Southern China was undertaken.
Results: The median age at onset was 25 days (17-33) and within 4 weeks of age in approximately 73% of cases. Of 24 mothers (including two mothers of twins), 18 (75.0%) were asymptomatic during pregnancy, and four were diagnosed with tuberculosis prenatally. The numbers of tuberculous meningitis, tuberculous encephalitis and liver TB were 17 (65.4%), five (19.2%) and four (15.4%), respectively. The main symptoms were fever (n = 18, 69.2%) and cough (n = 16, 61.5%). Positive rates of T-SPOT.TB, acid-fast bacilli smear, culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and GeneXpert MTB/RIF test were, respectively, 84.2% (16/19), 42.3% (11/26), 43.5% (10/23) and 83.3% (5/6). Radiograph or computed tomography demonstrated typical pulmonary tuberculous lesions in all cases and the head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed marked meningeal enhancement or parenchymal lesions in seven cases (26.9%). One case had drug-resistant TB. During follow-up, nine cases had varying degrees of liver injury, and one had delayed growth and development. Eight died and 18 recovered satisfactorily.
Conclusion: Maternal TB status during pregnancy, the epidemiological history, T-SPOT.TB and other TB-related aetiological tests and imaging are important for the early diagnosis and treatment of CTB, and are associated with a favourable outcome.
期刊介绍：
Paediatrics and International Child Health is an international forum for all aspects of paediatrics and child health in developing and low-income countries. The international, peer-reviewed papers cover a wide range of diseases in childhood and examine the social and cultural settings in which they occur. Although the main aim is to enable authors in developing and low-income countries to publish internationally, it also accepts relevant papers from industrialised countries. The journal is a key publication for all with an interest in paediatric health in low-resource settings.
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