Changes in serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and erythropoietin in allergic rhinitis patients: Correlation with the Th inflammatory profile and disease comorbidities.
Abdullah N Al-Rasheedi, Abdulrahman H Almaeen, Abdullah D Alotaibi, Abdulaziz S D Alruwaili, Sultan H H Alruwaili, Wadad M A Alruwaili, Aljoharah S Alsakhry, Ghuyudh M Alruwaili, Hala M ALkuwaykibi, Noof N Alrawili, Rahaf Z Alabdullah, Reem S Alatwi, Ibrahim Taher, Tarek H El-Metwally
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objectives: The balance between proinflammatory IFN-γ Th1 vs. the anti-inflammatory allergy-mediating IL-4-heralded Th2 reactions is pivotal in IgE-mediated allergic rhinitis (AR). Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α is inducible by hypoxia and various cytokines. HIF-1α activates different anti-pathogen and allergic immune cells. This cross-sectional study assessed the changes in serum HIF-1α and its dependent erythropoietin (EPO) levels among hospital-characterized AR patients. Type of the immune reaction, Th1 vs. Th2, was stratified based on the calculated IL-4/IFN-γ direct ratio, after being measured using specific ELISA assays.
Methods: 147 AR patients (83 males/64 females), and age-, BMI-, and gender-matched 24 healthy controls (13 males/11 females) were sequentially enrolled at ENT Unit, Prince Muteb General Hospital, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. Measurement of serum parameters was carried out using specific ELISA assays.
Results: Contrary to the majority of previous publications, all controls and the majority of patients (n = 137/147) exhibited naive Th0 immune response. IFN-γ and HIF-1α levels were greater in controls than in patients (168.9 ± 173.9 vs 108 ± 94.5 pg/mL; p<.012) and controls had a lower IL-4/IFN-ratio (2.439 ± 0.897 vs 3.33 ± 1.19; p<.001) than patients. The HIF-1α results disagree with earlier studies. Due to the wide inter-individual variations, serum IL-4 and EPO levels in controls were non-significantly higher than patients. Lower IL-4 levels (267.3 ± 79.95 vs 353.4 ± 320.6 pg/mL; p < .01) and the ratio (2.814 ± 1.335 vs 3.431 ± 1.137; p < .05) were associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Lower ratio was also associated with inferior turbinate hypertrophy (3.051 ± 1.026 vs 3.787 ± 1.310; p < .001). EPO and IL-4 levels were lower in patients with deviated nasal septum (66.69 ± 26.81 vs 84.24 ± 61.5 pg/mL; p < .021; and 299.5 ± 137.3 vs 391.1 ± 52.780 pg/mL; p < .001, respectively). Significant correlations were found between the recorded levels and AR comorbidities.
Conclusion: These results confirmed a pathogenic implication for HIF-1α and IFN-γ in AR that warranted future bigger and longitudinal studies.
目的：在IgE介导的过敏性鼻炎（AR）中，促炎性IFN-γTh1与介导IL-4炎症性Th2反应的抗炎过敏之间的平衡是关键。缺氧诱导因子（HIF）-1α是由缺氧和多种细胞因子诱导的。HIF-1α激活不同的抗病原体和过敏性免疫细胞。这项横断面研究评估了医院特征AR患者血清HIF-1α及其依赖性红细胞生成素（EPO）水平的变化。免疫反应的类型，Th1与Th2，在使用特异性ELISA测定进行测量后，根据计算的IL-4/IFN-γ直接比值进行分层。方法：147名AR患者（83名男性/64名女性），年龄、BMI和性别匹配的24名健康对照（13名男性/11名女性）在沙特阿拉伯萨卡卡王子穆特布综合医院耳鼻喉科依次入组。使用特异性ELISA测定法进行血清参数的测量。结果：与以前的大多数出版物相反，所有对照组和大多数患者（n=137/147）都表现出幼稚的Th0免疫反应。对照组的IFN-γ和HIF-1α水平高于患者（168.9±173.9 vs 108±94.5 pg/mL；ppp＜0.01），且该比率（2.814±1.335 vs 3.431±1.137；p＜0.05）与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停有关。较低的比值也与下鼻甲肥大有关（3.051±1.026 vs 3.787±1.310；p＜0.001）。鼻中隔偏曲患者的EPO和IL-4水平较低（分别为66.69±26.81 vs 84.24±61.5 pg/mL；p＜021；和299.5±137.3 vs 391.1±52.780 pg/mL，p＜.001）。记录的水平与AR合并症之间存在显著相关性。结论：这些结果证实了HIF-1α和IFN-γ在AR中的致病作用，值得进一步深入研究。
期刊介绍：
International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology is an Open Access peer-reviewed journal publishing original papers describing research in the fields of immunology, pathology and pharmacology. The intention is that the journal should reflect both the experimental and clinical aspects of immunology as well as advances in the understanding of the pathology and pharmacology of the immune system.
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