Joseph E. Murray's Struggle to Transplant Kidneys: Failure, Individuality, and Plastic Surgery, 1950-1965.

IF 0.9 3区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
Hyung Wook Park
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper offers a historical analysis of the American plastic surgeon and Nobel laureate Joseph E. Murray's kidney transplantation. After succeeding in the first kidney transplantation between monozygotic twins in 1954, he transplanted kidneys between genetically distinct people after X-radiation and immunosuppressants. Amid these achievements, however, Murray encountered numerous failures, which he thought were closely intertwined with each patient's physiological and pathological individuality. As he appropriated his expertise in plastic surgery for kidney transplantation, this individuality became a major issue that he had to cope with in his efforts to avoid failures. To him, kidney transplantation could fail because of each individual's immunological barrier or constitutional singularity that could engender unexpected complications. Although he could neither explain nor control many of these failures, I argue that his unsuccessful work and patient individuality played multiple roles in shaping his operations as a plastic surgeon. They structured the path of his surgical research, made sense of it, defended him from criticism, and formed the way that he presented the results of his work with an immunological implication. Consequently, Murray, with little scientific training, articulated an important dimension of immunological tolerance relevant to clinical settings.

约瑟夫-E.-默里的肾移植奋斗史:失败、个性与整形外科,1950-1965 年。
本文对美国整形外科医生、诺贝尔奖获得者约瑟夫-穆雷(Joseph E. Murray)的肾移植手术进行了历史分析。继 1954 年首次在单卵双胞胎之间成功进行肾脏移植后,他又在 X 射线和免疫抑制剂作用下在不同基因的人之间进行了肾脏移植。然而,在取得这些成就的同时,莫里也遇到了无数次失败,他认为这些失败与每个病人的生理和病理个体性密切相关。当他把自己在整形外科方面的专长用于肾脏移植时,这种个体性就成了他在努力避免失败时必须应对的一个重要问题。在他看来,肾脏移植可能会失败,因为每个人的免疫屏障或体质奇异,可能会产生意想不到的并发症。虽然他无法解释也无法控制其中的许多失败,但我认为,他的不成功工作和病人的个性在塑造他作为整形外科医生的手术中发挥了多重作用。这些因素构建了他的外科研究之路,让他的研究更有意义,使他免受批评,并形成了他展示具有免疫学意义的工作成果的方式。因此,默里在没有接受过什么科学训练的情况下,阐明了与临床有关的免疫耐受的一个重要方面。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
40
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Started in 1946, the Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences is internationally recognized as one of the top publications in its field. The journal''s coverage is broad, publishing the latest original research on the written beginnings of medicine in all its aspects. When possible and appropriate, it focuses on what practitioners of the healing arts did or taught, and how their peers, as well as patients, received and interpreted their efforts. Subscribers include clinicians and hospital libraries, as well as academic and public historians.
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