The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of four COVID-19 booster vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 variants following CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 primary series.

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q3 ALLERGY

Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.12932/AP-160123-1533

Nasikarn Angkasekwinai, Suvimol Niyomnaitham, Jaturong Sewatanon, Supaporn Phumiamorn, Kasama Sukapirom, Sansnee Senawong, Zheng Quan Toh, Pinklow Umrod, Thitiporn Somporn, Supaporn Chumpol, Kanokphon Ritthitham, Yuparat Jantraphakorn, Kanjana Srisutthisamphan, Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The appropriate COVID-19 booster vaccine following inactivated or adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccination is unclear.

Objective: To investigate the immunogenicity of four COVID-19 booster vaccines.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled healthy adults who received a two-dose CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 8-12 weeks earlier and allocated them to receive one of the following booster vaccine: inactivated (BBIBP-CorV), ChAdOx1 or mRNA (BNT162b2 at full [30 μg] and half [15 μg] dose) vaccines. We determined the reactogenicity and the humoral (anti-receptor binding domain IgG (anti-RBD-IgG), neutralizing antibodies (nAb) against Delta, Beta and Omicron variants) and cellular immunity measuring by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) responses post-booster. AR patients.

Results: Among the 352 participants (179 CoronaVac and 173 ChAdOx1 participants), 285 (81%) were female, and median age was 39 (IQR: 31-47) years. Two weeks post-booster, both 30 μg- and 15 μg- BNT162b2 induced the highest anti-RBD IgG concentration (BAU/mL); Coronavac-prime: 30 μg-BNT162b2, 5152.2 (95%CI 4491.7-5909.8); 15 μg-BNT162b2, 3981.1 (3397.2-4665.4); ChAdOx1, 1358.0 (1141.8-1615.1); BBIBP-CorV, 154.6 (92.11-259.47); ChAdOx1-prime: 30 μg-BNT162b2, 2363.8 (2005.6-2786.1; 15 μg-BNT162b2, 1961.9 (1624.6-2369.1); ChAdOx1, 246.4 (199.6-304.2); BBIBP-CorV, 128.1 (93.5-175.4). Similarly, both 30 μg- and 15 μg- BNT162b2 boosting induced the highest nAb titers against Beta, Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants and highest T-cell response at 2 weeks after boosting. While all BNT162b2 or heterologous ChAdOx1-boosted participants had nAb against Omicron, these were < 50% for BBIBP-CorV and 75% for homologous ChAdOx1-boosted participants. There was significant decrease in nAb ( > 4-fold) at 16-20 weeks post booster for all groups.

Conclusions: Heterologous boosting with BNT162b2 following CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 primary series is most immunogenic. Additional studies are needed to verify the clinical efficacy and persistence of immunity following half-dose BNT162b2.

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在CoronaVac或ChAdOx1 nCoV-19初免系列之后接种四次COVID-19加强免疫疫苗预防SARS-CoV-2变种的免疫原性和反应原性。

背景：在接种灭活或腺病毒载体COVID-19疫苗后接种何种COVID-19强化疫苗合适尚不清楚：研究四种 COVID-19 增强疫苗的免疫原性：我们前瞻性地招募了在8-12周前接种过两剂CoronaVac或ChAdOx1的健康成年人，并将他们分配到接种以下其中一种加强疫苗：灭活疫苗（BBIBP-CorV）、ChAdOx1或mRNA疫苗（BNT162b2，全剂量[30 μg]和半剂量[15 μg]）。我们测定了反应原性、体液免疫（抗受体结合域 IgG（anti-RBD-IgG）、针对 Delta、Beta 和 Omicron 变体的中和抗体（nAb））以及强化后通过γ干扰素（IFN-γ）测量的细胞免疫反应。结果：在 352 名参与者（179 名 CoronaVac 参与者和 173 名 ChAdOx1 参与者）中，285 人（81%）为女性，年龄中位数为 39 岁（IQR：31-47）。强化两周后，30 μg- BNT162b2 和 15 μg- BNT162b2 都能诱导出最高的抗 RBD IgG 浓度（BAU/mL）；Coronavac-prime：30 μg-BNT162b2, 5152.2 (95%CI 4491.7-5909.8)；15 μg-BNT162b2, 3981.1 (3397.2-4665. 4)；ChAdOx1：30 μg-BNT162b2, 5152.2 (95%CI 4491.7-5909.8)。4）；ChAdOx1，1358.0（1141.8-1615.1）；BBIBP-CorV，154.6（92.11-259.47）；ChAdOx1-prime：30 μg-BNT162b2，2363.8（2005.6-2786.1; 15 μg-BNT162b2, 1961.9 (1624.6-2369.1); ChAdOx1, 246.4 (199.6-304.2); BBIBP-CorV, 128.1 (93.5-175.4).同样，30 μg- 和 15 μg- BNT162b2 强化都能诱导最高的针对 Beta、Delta 和 Omicron BA.1 变体的 nAb 滴度，并在强化 2 周后诱导最高的 T 细胞应答。虽然所有 BNT162b2 或异源 ChAdOx1 强化参与者都有针对 Omicron 的 nAb，但 BBIBP-CorV 的 nAb 滴度低于 50%，而同源 ChAdOx1 强化参与者的 nAb 滴度为 75%。所有组的 nAb 在强化后 16-20 周均明显下降（> 4 倍）：结论：在CoronaVac或ChAdOx1初治系列后使用BNT162b2进行异源增强的免疫原性最强。需要进行更多研究来验证半剂量 BNT162b2 的临床疗效和免疫持续性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology 医学-过敏

CiteScore

12.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology (APJAI) is an online open access journal with the recent impact factor (2018) 1.747 APJAI published 4 times per annum (March, June, September, December). Four issues constitute one volume. APJAI publishes original research articles of basic science, clinical science and reviews on various aspects of allergy and immunology. This journal is an official journal of and published by the Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Association, Thailand. The scopes include mechanism, pathogenesis, host-pathogen interaction, host-environment interaction, allergic diseases, immune-mediated diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, immunotherapy, and vaccine. All papers are published in English and are refereed to international standards.