{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone, in suckling piglets following oral and intramuscular administrations","authors":"Ta-Wei Yeh, Tirawat Rairat, Chao-Ming Wang, Ching-Fen Wu, Szu-Wei Huang, Chi-Chung Chou, Hung-Chih Kuo","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13405","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Toltrazuril (TZR) is currently the only registered chemotherapeutic drug in the European Union for the treatment of <i>Cystoisospora suis</i>. This study investigated the comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue concentration-time profiles of TZR and its active metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone (TZR-SO<sub>2</sub>), after oral (per os, p.o.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration to suckling piglets. Following a single administration of TZR orally at 50 mg/piglet or intramuscularly at 45 mg/piglet, higher concentrations of TZR and TZR-SO<sub>2</sub> were observed in all three investigated tissues after p.o. administration. The mean TZR concentration in serum peaked at 14 μg/mL (34.03 h) and 5.36 μg/mL (120 h), while TZR-SO<sub>2</sub> peaked at 14.12 μg/mL (246 h) and 9.92 μg/mL (330 h) after p.o. and i.m. administration, respectively. TZR was undetectable in the liver after p.o. administration (18 days) and in the jejunum (24 days) after i.m. injection, while TZR-SO<sub>2</sub> was still detectable in all three tissues after 36 days regardless of administration routes. This study showed that p.o. formulation exhibited faster absorption and higher serum/tissue TZR/TZR-SO<sub>2</sub> concentrations than i.m. formulation. Both formulations generated sufficient therapeutic concentrations in the serum and jejunum, and sustained enough time to protect against <i>Cystoisospora suis</i> infection in the piglets.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvp.13405","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Toltrazuril (TZR) is currently the only registered chemotherapeutic drug in the European Union for the treatment of Cystoisospora suis. This study investigated the comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue concentration-time profiles of TZR and its active metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone (TZR-SO2), after oral (per os, p.o.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration to suckling piglets. Following a single administration of TZR orally at 50 mg/piglet or intramuscularly at 45 mg/piglet, higher concentrations of TZR and TZR-SO2 were observed in all three investigated tissues after p.o. administration. The mean TZR concentration in serum peaked at 14 μg/mL (34.03 h) and 5.36 μg/mL (120 h), while TZR-SO2 peaked at 14.12 μg/mL (246 h) and 9.92 μg/mL (330 h) after p.o. and i.m. administration, respectively. TZR was undetectable in the liver after p.o. administration (18 days) and in the jejunum (24 days) after i.m. injection, while TZR-SO2 was still detectable in all three tissues after 36 days regardless of administration routes. This study showed that p.o. formulation exhibited faster absorption and higher serum/tissue TZR/TZR-SO2 concentrations than i.m. formulation. Both formulations generated sufficient therapeutic concentrations in the serum and jejunum, and sustained enough time to protect against Cystoisospora suis infection in the piglets.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (JVPT) is an international journal devoted to the publication of scientific papers in the basic and clinical aspects of veterinary pharmacology and toxicology, whether the study is in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo or in silico. The Journal is a forum for recent scientific information and developments in the discipline of veterinary pharmacology, including toxicology and therapeutics. Studies that are entirely in vitro will not be considered within the scope of JVPT unless the study has direct relevance to the use of the drug (including toxicants and feed additives) in veterinary species, or that it can be clearly demonstrated that a similar outcome would be expected in vivo. These studies should consider approved or widely used veterinary drugs and/or drugs with broad applicability to veterinary species.