将病媒控制纳入马拉维南部气候脆弱地区新兴农业系统:重点关注疟疾、血吸虫病和虫媒病毒病

IF 1.7 Q3 PARASITOLOGY
Christopher M. Jones , Anne L. Wilson , Michelle C. Stanton , J. Russell Stothard , Federica Guglielmo , James Chirombo , Lindiwe Mafuleka , Rose Oronje , Themba Mzilahowa
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引用次数: 1

摘要

传染病正在以前所未有的速度出现,同时粮食生产也在加强,以跟上人口增长的步伐。大规模灌溉计划有可能永久改变景观,带来健康、营养和社会经济效益;然而,这也导致了土地利用模式的转变,这可能会促进地方性和入侵性昆虫媒介和病原体的传播。必须在确保粮食安全和预防新出现的传染病之间取得平衡;然而,灌溉在流行病学、昆虫学和经济层面对媒介传播疾病的影响是不确定的,这取决于地理和气候背景。在这里,我们强调了马拉维南部夏尔河谷下游地区新兴农业生态系统中媒介传播疾病监测和控制面临的风险因素和挑战。一项分阶段的大规模灌溉计划(夏尔河谷改造项目,SVTP)承诺将40000多公顷的土地改造成可行且有弹性的农田,但该河谷是疟疾和血吸虫病的地方病,热带气旋后经常发生极端洪水事件。后者加剧了媒介传播疾病的风险,同时也使对该风险的任何实证评估成为一个重大障碍。我们建议,SVTP提供了一个独特的机会,可以采取“一个健康”的方法来降低媒介传播疾病的风险,同时保持农业产量。实现这一目标需要一种长期的、多学科的方法,并得到多个利益相关者的支持。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Integrating vector control within an emerging agricultural system in a region of climate vulnerability in southern Malawi: A focus on malaria, schistosomiasis, and arboviral diseases

Integrating vector control within an emerging agricultural system in a region of climate vulnerability in southern Malawi: A focus on malaria, schistosomiasis, and arboviral diseases

Infectious diseases are emerging at an unprecedented rate while food production intensifies to keep pace with population growth. Large-scale irrigation schemes have the potential to permanently transform the landscape with health, nutritional and socio-economic benefits; yet, this also leads to a shift in land-use patterns that can promote endemic and invasive insect vectors and pathogens. The balance between ensuring food security and preventing emerging infectious disease is a necessity; yet the impact of irrigation on vector-borne diseases at the epidemiological, entomological and economic level is uncertain and depends on the geographical and climatological context. Here, we highlight the risk factors and challenges facing vector-borne disease surveillance and control in an emerging agricultural ecosystem in the lower Shire Valley region of southern Malawi. A phased large scale irrigation programme (The Shire Valley Transformation Project, SVTP) promises to transform over 40,000 ha into viable and resilient farmland, yet the valley is endemic for malaria and schistosomiasis and experiences frequent extreme flooding events following tropical cyclones. The latter exacerbate vector-borne disease risk while simultaneously making any empirical assessment of that risk a significant hurdle. We propose that the SVTP provides a unique opportunity to take a One Health approach at mitigating vector-borne disease risk while maintaining agricultural output. A long-term and multi-disciplinary approach with buy-in from multiple stakeholders will be needed to achieve this goal.

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