宿主-寄生虫混合网络中的模块化:基于人类扰动和寄生形式的交互配置变化

IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY
Ana Paula Lula Costa , Jordi Bascompte , Andre Andrian Padial
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引用次数: 0

摘要

寄生性是一种基于寄主个体特征和环境因素的关联。当研究物种间的相互作用网络时,这种类型的相互作用的复杂性往往会消失。在这里,我们分析了模块性的变化——考虑到宿主个体的变化和不同形式的寄生:外寄生和内寄生,模块性是一种描述节点组之间相互作用比与其他模块的节点更频繁的指标。为此,我们研究了混合网络:由宿主个体和寄生虫物种组成的二分网络,作为两组相互作用的节点。我们使用了一个来自高度扰动的沿海河流的鱼类-寄生虫混合网络来了解人为扰动梯度如何影响宿主-寄生虫网络的模块结构。此外,我们还测试了宿主个体特征如何驱动宿主-寄生虫混合网络中的模块配置。我们的研究结果表明,不同形式的寄生对环境的反应不同:鱼类外寄生虫网络的模块性随着人类的扰动而增加,但鱼类内寄生虫网络中的模块性与人类的扰动无关。此外,混合网络模块与个体变异有着内在的联系,无论寄生虫的生活形式如何,宿主的感染强度都是最重要的特征。总丰度对网络结构的影响表明群落平衡发生了变化,具有机会主义行为的物种也在增加。模块组成也与宿主的适应度和体型有关,这在保存更完好和多样化的河段最具预测性。总体而言,我们的结果表明,宿主-寄生虫网络对以人为干扰为标志的生态梯度敏感,宿主个体适应度有助于确定网络结构。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Modularity in host-parasite mixed networks: interaction configuration shifts based on human perturbation and parasitism form

Modularity in host-parasite mixed networks: interaction configuration shifts based on human perturbation and parasitism form

Parasitism is an association based on host individual traits and environmental factors. The complexity of this type of interaction is often lost when studying species-by-species interaction networks. Here we analyze changes in modularity - a metric describing groups of nodes interacting much more frequently among themselves than they do with nodes of other modules, considering the host individual variation and the different forms of parasitism: ecto- and endo-parasitism. For this, we studied mixed networks: bipartite networks comprising host individuals and parasite species as two sets of nodes interacting with each other. We used a fish-parasite mixed network from a highly perturbed coastal river to understand how an anthropogenic perturbation gradient influences the modular structure of host-parasite networks. In addition, we tested how host individual traits drove module configuration within host-parasite mixed networks. Our results showed that different forms of parasitism respond differently to the environment: modularity in fish-ectoparasite networks increased with human perturbation, but modularity was not related to human perturbation in fish-endoparasite networks. In addition, mixed network modules were intrinsically related to individual variation, with host intensity of infection being the most important trait, regardless of the parasite’s life form. The effect of total abundance over network structure indicates signs of changes in community equilibrium, with an increase in species with opportunistic behaviors. Module composition was also related to host fitness and body size, which were most predictive in more preserved and diverse river sections. Overall, our results indicate that host-parasite networks are sensitive to ecological gradients marked by human perturbation and that host individual fitness helps to determine network structure.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
2.50%
发文量
76
审稿时长
23 days
期刊介绍: International Journal for Parasitology offers authors the option to sponsor nonsubscriber access to their articles on Elsevier electronic publishing platforms. For more information please view our Sponsored Articles page. The International Journal for Parasitology publishes the results of original research in all aspects of basic and applied parasitology, including all the fields covered by its Specialist Editors, and ranging from parasites and host-parasite relationships of intrinsic biological interest to those of social and economic importance in human and veterinary medicine and agriculture.
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