草酸通量通过肠道:膜转运蛋白的贡献。

IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY
Jonathan M Whittamore, Marguerite Hatch
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引用次数: 2

摘要

上皮草酸运输是胃肠(GI)在草酸稳态中所起作用的基础。饮食中草酸盐的吸收,连同其分泌到肠道,以及肠道微生物群的降解,都可以影响这种无功能的终代谢物在尿液中的排泄。对转运机制的了解与理解高草酸尿的病理生理有关,高草酸尿是肾结石形成的危险因素,肠道也提供了一种潜在的治疗手段。下面的讨论对肠道草酸转运进行了广泛的回顾。我们首先概述草酸盐的命运,重点是草酸盐的来源、速率和吸收和分泌在胃肠道中的位置。然后我们考虑通过上皮屏障的转运机制和途径,讨论跨细胞和细胞旁成分。重点是膜结合阴离子转运体,特别是那些属于大型多功能Slc26基因家族的阴离子转运体,其中许多在整个胃肠道中表达,我们总结了目前已知的它们参与草酸盐转运的情况。在最后一节,我们研究了被认为参与调节这些途径的生理刺激,包括肠道适应慢性肾脏疾病、代谢性酸碱紊乱、肥胖和胃旁路手术后的肠道适应。还有关于益生菌,草酸杆菌formigenes的最新研究,以及它与肠道上皮的独特相互作用的基础。©2021美国生理学会。中国生物医学工程学报(英文版),2011。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Oxalate Flux Across the Intestine: Contributions from Membrane Transporters.

Epithelial oxalate transport is fundamental to the role occupied by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in oxalate homeostasis. The absorption of dietary oxalate, together with its secretion into the intestine, and degradation by the gut microbiota, can all influence the excretion of this nonfunctional terminal metabolite in the urine. Knowledge of the transport mechanisms is relevant to understanding the pathophysiology of hyperoxaluria, a risk factor in kidney stone formation, for which the intestine also offers a potential means of treatment. The following discussion presents an expansive review of intestinal oxalate transport. We begin with an overview of the fate of oxalate, focusing on the sources, rates, and locations of absorption and secretion along the GI tract. We then consider the mechanisms and pathways of transport across the epithelial barrier, discussing the transcellular, and paracellular components. There is an emphasis on the membrane-bound anion transporters, in particular, those belonging to the large multifunctional Slc26 gene family, many of which are expressed throughout the GI tract, and we summarize what is currently known about their participation in oxalate transport. In the final section, we examine the physiological stimuli proposed to be involved in regulating some of these pathways, encompassing intestinal adaptations in response to chronic kidney disease, metabolic acid-base disorders, obesity, and following gastric bypass surgery. There is also an update on research into the probiotic, Oxalobacter formigenes, and the basis of its unique interaction with the gut epithelium. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-41, 2021.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
38
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Comprehensive Physiology is the most authoritative and comprehensive collection of physiology information ever assembled, and uses the most powerful features of review journals and electronic reference works to cover the latest key developments in the field, through the most authoritative articles on the subjects covered. This makes Comprehensive Physiology a valued reference work on the evolving science of physiology for both researchers and clinicians. It also provides a useful teaching tool for instructors and an informative resource for medical students and other students in the life and health sciences.
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