疫苗强制接种言论中的情绪和不礼貌行为:自然语言处理的启示。

IF 3.5 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
JMIR infodemiology Pub Date : 2022-09-13 eCollection Date: 2022-07-01 DOI:10.2196/37635
Hannah Stevens, Muhammad Ehab Rasul, Yoo Jung Oh
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:尽管有疫苗可用,但对疫苗的犹豫不决阻碍了公共卫生官员缓解 COVID-19 在美国大流行的努力。尽管一些美国民选官员已通过发布疫苗强制令作出回应,但其他一些官员则通过广播最大限度地降低疫苗功效的信息来放大疫苗犹豫不决的情绪。社交媒体上 COVID-19 信息的政治两极化性质引发了不文明现象,人们对健康的态度往往更多地取决于政治意识形态而非科学:据我们所知,在有关 COVID-19 疫苗和任务的讨论中,尚未对不文明行为进行研究。具体而言,人们很少关注引发不文明疫苗言论和行为的心理过程。因此,我们研究了理论上可预测不文明言论的 3 个心理过程,即焦虑、愤怒和悲伤:我们使用了两种不同的自然语言处理方法:(1)语言调查和字数统计计算工具;(2)Google Perspective 应用程序编程接口 (API),对 2021 年 9 月 14 日至 2021 年 10 月 1 日期间包含 COVID-19 疫苗规定相关术语的 8014 条推文数据集进行了分析。为了收集推文,我们使用了 Twitter API 推文下载工具(第 2 版)。随后,我们使用关键字过滤了 375,000 条与疫苗相关的推文数据集,提取出明确关注疫苗接种规定的推文。我们利用 "语言调查和字数统计"(Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count)计算工具来测量推文中愤怒、悲伤和焦虑的语言情绪。为了测量帖子中的不文明行为,我们使用了 Google Perspective API:本研究通过将不文明行为作为一个多层面的概念引入,解决了不文明行为在操作上的差异,并探索了话语不文明行为 5 个维度背后的不同情绪过程。研究结果显示,焦虑、愤怒和悲伤这三种情绪与不文明行为的维度(如毒性、严重毒性、侮辱、亵渎、威胁和身份攻击)有着独特的关联。具体来说,研究结果表明,愤怒与不文明行为的所有维度都有显著的正相关(PP=0.04)。相反,焦虑与身份攻击(P=.03)和亵渎(P=.02)明显负相关:结果表明,我们的多维不文明行为研究方法是了解和干预不文明疫苗言论背后的心理过程的一种很有前途的替代方法。了解焦虑、愤怒和悲伤等会增加或减少不文明行为的特定情绪,可以帮助研究人员和公共卫生专业人员针对不文明疫苗言论制定有效的干预措施。鉴于需要对网络上传播的健康信息和错误信息进行实时监控和自动响应,社交媒体平台可以利用谷歌视角应用程序接口(Google Perspective API),在检测到不文明评论时向用户提供即时的自动反馈。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Emotions and Incivility in Vaccine Mandate Discourse: Natural Language Processing Insights.

Emotions and Incivility in Vaccine Mandate Discourse: Natural Language Processing Insights.

Emotions and Incivility in Vaccine Mandate Discourse: Natural Language Processing Insights.

Emotions and Incivility in Vaccine Mandate Discourse: Natural Language Processing Insights.

Background: Despite vaccine availability, vaccine hesitancy has inhibited public health officials' efforts to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Although some US elected officials have responded by issuing vaccine mandates, others have amplified vaccine hesitancy by broadcasting messages that minimize vaccine efficacy. The politically polarized nature of COVID-19 information on social media has given rise to incivility, wherein health attitudes often hinge more on political ideology than science.

Objective: To the best of our knowledge, incivility has not been studied in the context of discourse regarding COVID-19 vaccines and mandates. Specifically, there is little focus on the psychological processes that elicit uncivil vaccine discourse and behaviors. Thus, we investigated 3 psychological processes theorized to predict discourse incivility-namely, anxiety, anger, and sadness.

Methods: We used 2 different natural language processing approaches: (1) the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count computational tool and (2) the Google Perspective application programming interface (API) to analyze a data set of 8014 tweets containing terms related to COVID-19 vaccine mandates from September 14, 2021, to October 1, 2021. To collect the tweets, we used the Twitter API Tweet Downloader Tool (version 2). Subsequently, we filtered through a data set of 375,000 vaccine-related tweets using keywords to extract tweets explicitly focused on vaccine mandates. We relied on the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count computational tool to measure the valence of linguistic anger, sadness, and anxiety in the tweets. To measure dimensions of post incivility, we used the Google Perspective API.

Results: This study resolved discrepant operationalizations of incivility by introducing incivility as a multifaceted construct and explored the distinct emotional processes underlying 5 dimensions of discourse incivility. The findings revealed that 3 types of emotions-anxiety, anger, and sadness-were uniquely associated with dimensions of incivility (eg, toxicity, severe toxicity, insult, profanity, threat, and identity attacks). Specifically, the results showed that anger was significantly positively associated with all dimensions of incivility (all P<.001), whereas sadness was significantly positively related to threat (P=.04). Conversely, anxiety was significantly negatively associated with identity attack (P=.03) and profanity (P=.02).

Conclusions: The results suggest that our multidimensional approach to incivility is a promising alternative to understanding and intervening in the psychological processes underlying uncivil vaccine discourse. Understanding specific emotions that can increase or decrease incivility such as anxiety, anger, and sadness can enable researchers and public health professionals to develop effective interventions against uncivil vaccine discourse. Given the need for real-time monitoring and automated responses to the spread of health information and misinformation on the web, social media platforms can harness the Google Perspective API to offer users immediate, automated feedback when it detects that a comment is uncivil.

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