{"title":"Lincombian Ranisian Jerzmanovician工业和南摩拉维亚遗址:一个智人,起源于欧洲的博胡尼亚工业。","authors":"Yuri E Demidenko, Petr Škrdla","doi":"10.1007/s41982-023-00142-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article re-examines the Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician (LRJ) industry, a well-known Early Upper Paleolithic complex in northern Europe. It is widely thought that the LRJ was produced by late Neanderthals and that its industrial roots are in late Middle Paleolithic industries with bifacial leaf points in north-western Europe. On the basis of evidence from four recently excavated open-air sites in southern Moravia (Czech Republic) (Líšeň/Podolí I, Želešice III/Želešice-Hoynerhügel, Líšeň I/Líšeň-Čtvrtě, and Tvarožná X/Tvarožná, \"Za školou\"), combined with findings from two cave sites in Bohemia (Nad Kačákem Cave) and southern Moravia (Pekárna Cave) and critical re-examination of the LRJ sites and materials from other areas, we propose that the LRJ should actually be considered a late Initial Upper Paleolithic industry. Its initial dates are just before Heinrich Event 4 (HE-4) and the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) super-eruption, c. 42-40 ka cal BP. We further propose that LRJ assemblages were produced by <i>Homo sapiens</i>, and that its roots are in the Bohunician industry. The LRJ originated as a result of a gradual technological transition, centering on the development of Levallois points into Jerzmanowice-type blade-points. It is also suggested that the LRJ industry first appeared in Moravia, in central Europe, and spread along with its makers (<i>Homo sapiens</i>) across the northern latitudes of central and western Europe. Accordingly, the IUP \"Bohunician package\" did not disappear in Europe but gave rise to another IUP industry successfully adapted for the then steppe-tundra belts in northern Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":73885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of paleolithic archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10202755/pdf/","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician Industry and South Moravian Sites: a <i>Homo sapiens</i> Late Initial Upper Paleolithic with Bohunician Industrial Generic Roots in Europe.\",\"authors\":\"Yuri E Demidenko, Petr Škrdla\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s41982-023-00142-2\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>This article re-examines the Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician (LRJ) industry, a well-known Early Upper Paleolithic complex in northern Europe. It is widely thought that the LRJ was produced by late Neanderthals and that its industrial roots are in late Middle Paleolithic industries with bifacial leaf points in north-western Europe. On the basis of evidence from four recently excavated open-air sites in southern Moravia (Czech Republic) (Líšeň/Podolí I, Želešice III/Želešice-Hoynerhügel, Líšeň I/Líšeň-Čtvrtě, and Tvarožná X/Tvarožná, \\\"Za školou\\\"), combined with findings from two cave sites in Bohemia (Nad Kačákem Cave) and southern Moravia (Pekárna Cave) and critical re-examination of the LRJ sites and materials from other areas, we propose that the LRJ should actually be considered a late Initial Upper Paleolithic industry. Its initial dates are just before Heinrich Event 4 (HE-4) and the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) super-eruption, c. 42-40 ka cal BP. We further propose that LRJ assemblages were produced by <i>Homo sapiens</i>, and that its roots are in the Bohunician industry. The LRJ originated as a result of a gradual technological transition, centering on the development of Levallois points into Jerzmanowice-type blade-points. It is also suggested that the LRJ industry first appeared in Moravia, in central Europe, and spread along with its makers (<i>Homo sapiens</i>) across the northern latitudes of central and western Europe. 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引用次数: 1
摘要
本文重新考察了北欧著名的旧石器时代早期和晚期的林科比亚-拉尼斯-杰兹曼诺夫斯基(LRJ)工业。人们普遍认为LRJ是由晚期尼安德特人生产的,其工业根源于欧洲西北部旧石器时代中期晚期的双面叶点工业。根据最近在摩拉维亚(捷克共和国)南部挖掘的四个露天遗址的证据(Líšeń/PodolíI、želešice III/Želečice Hoynerhügel、Lísz eřI/Líčš,结合波希米亚两个洞穴遗址(Nad Kačákem洞穴)和摩拉维亚南部(Pekárna洞穴)的发现,以及对LRJ遗址和其他地区材料的批判性重新检查,我们认为LRJ实际上应该被视为旧石器时代早期晚期的工业。它的初始日期是在海因里希事件4(HE-4)和坎帕尼亚火成岩(CI)超级喷发之前,约42-40 ka cal BP。我们进一步提出LRJ组合是由智人产生的,其根源在于博胡尼阶工业。LRJ起源于一个渐进的技术转型,其核心是将Levallois尖端发展为Jerzmanowice型刀片尖端。也有人认为,LRJ产业最早出现在中欧的摩拉维亚,并与制造商(智人)一起传播到中欧和西欧的北纬地区。因此,IUP“Bohunician一揽子计划”并没有在欧洲消失,而是催生了另一个成功适应当时北欧草原苔原带的IUP产业。
Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician Industry and South Moravian Sites: a Homo sapiens Late Initial Upper Paleolithic with Bohunician Industrial Generic Roots in Europe.
This article re-examines the Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician (LRJ) industry, a well-known Early Upper Paleolithic complex in northern Europe. It is widely thought that the LRJ was produced by late Neanderthals and that its industrial roots are in late Middle Paleolithic industries with bifacial leaf points in north-western Europe. On the basis of evidence from four recently excavated open-air sites in southern Moravia (Czech Republic) (Líšeň/Podolí I, Želešice III/Želešice-Hoynerhügel, Líšeň I/Líšeň-Čtvrtě, and Tvarožná X/Tvarožná, "Za školou"), combined with findings from two cave sites in Bohemia (Nad Kačákem Cave) and southern Moravia (Pekárna Cave) and critical re-examination of the LRJ sites and materials from other areas, we propose that the LRJ should actually be considered a late Initial Upper Paleolithic industry. Its initial dates are just before Heinrich Event 4 (HE-4) and the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) super-eruption, c. 42-40 ka cal BP. We further propose that LRJ assemblages were produced by Homo sapiens, and that its roots are in the Bohunician industry. The LRJ originated as a result of a gradual technological transition, centering on the development of Levallois points into Jerzmanowice-type blade-points. It is also suggested that the LRJ industry first appeared in Moravia, in central Europe, and spread along with its makers (Homo sapiens) across the northern latitudes of central and western Europe. Accordingly, the IUP "Bohunician package" did not disappear in Europe but gave rise to another IUP industry successfully adapted for the then steppe-tundra belts in northern Europe.