2019冠状病毒病大流行给决策者带来了许多困境,有时导致前所未有的决策。

IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q1 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES
Nachman Ash, Noa Triki, Ruth Waitzberg
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引用次数: 1

摘要

背景:2019冠状病毒病大流行经历了五个阶段,从“巨大威胁”开始,然后经历了“变种的出现”、“疫苗兴奋”和“幻灭”,最后达到“一种我们可以忍受的疾病”。每个阶段都需要不同的治理响应。随着大流行的进展,收集了数据,创造了证据,开发和传播了卫生技术。政策制定从通过非药物干预措施限制感染来保护人口转向通过为感染者接种疫苗和药物预防严重疾病来控制大流行。一旦有了疫苗,国家就开始下放对个人健康和行为的责任。正文:大流行的每个阶段都给决策者带来了新的和独特的困境,从而导致前所未有的决策。对个人权利的限制,如封锁或“绿色通行证政策”,在大流行之前是不可想象的。卫生部做出的最惊人的决定之一是在FDA或任何其他国家批准之前,在以色列批准了第三剂(加强剂)疫苗。由于有可靠和及时的数据,因此有可能做出知情的、基于证据的决定。与公众的透明沟通可能促进了对加强剂量建议的遵守。增强剂对公众健康做出了重要贡献,尽管它们的吸收比最初剂量的吸收要少。批准加强疫苗的决定说明了大流行的七个关键教训:卫生技术是关键;领导力至关重要(无论是政治上的还是专业上的);一个单一的机构应协调参与应对的所有利益攸关方的行动,这些利益攸关方应密切合作;政策制定者需要让公众参与进来,赢得他们的信任和遵从;数据对于制定适当的应对措施至关重要;各国和国际组织应该合作,为流行病做好准备并作出反应,因为病毒是无国界传播的。结论:新冠肺炎大流行给政策制定者带来了许多困境。应对这些挑战所采取的行动所取得的经验教训应纳入应对未来挑战的准备工作中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The COVID-19 pandemic posed many dilemmas for policymakers, which sometimes resulted in unprecedented decision-making.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic evolved through five phases, beginning with 'the great threat', then moving through 'the emergence of variants', 'vaccines euphoria', and 'the disillusionment', and culminating in 'a disease we can live with'. Each phase required a different governance response. With the progress of the pandemic, data were collected, evidence was created, and health technology was developed and disseminated. Policymaking shifted from protecting the population by limiting infections with non-pharmaceutical interventions to controlling the pandemic by prevention of severe disease with vaccines and drugs for those infected. Once the vaccine became available, the state started devolving the responsibility for the individual's health and behavior.

Main body: Each phase of the pandemic posed new and unique dilemmas for policymakers, which resulted in unprecedented decision-making. Restrictions to individual's rights such as a lockdown or the 'Green Pass policy' were unimaginable before the pandemic. One of the most striking decisions that the Ministry of Health made was approving the third (booster) vaccine dose in Israel, before it was approved by the FDA or any other country. It was possible to make an informed, evidence-based decision due to the availability of reliable and timely data. Transparent communication with the public probably promoted adherence to the booster dose recommendation. The boosters made an important contribution to public health, even though their uptake was less than the uptake for the initial doses. The decision to approve the booster illustrates seven key lessons from the pandemic: health technology is key; leadership is crucial (both political and professional); a single body should coordinate the actions of all stakeholders involved in the response, and these should collaborate closely; policymakers need to engage the public and win their trust and compliance; data are essential to build a suitable response; and nations and international organizations should collaborate in preparing for and responding to pandemics, because viruses travel without borders.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic posed many dilemmas for policymakers. The lessons learned from the actions taken to deal with them should be incorporated into preparedness for future challenges.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
4.40%
发文量
38
审稿时长
28 weeks
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