Xiangping Wu, Qingnan Wu, Yan Wang, Yehai Liu, Zhenhao Li, Qingchuan Liu, Zhengming Huang, Mingyan Li, Bin Zhang, Qimin Zhan
{"title":"去除孢子皮的灵芝孢子粉的水溶性成分促进口腔鳞状细胞癌的脱铁作用。","authors":"Xiangping Wu, Qingnan Wu, Yan Wang, Yehai Liu, Zhenhao Li, Qingchuan Liu, Zhengming Huang, Mingyan Li, Bin Zhang, Qimin Zhan","doi":"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.02.07","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Ferroptosis is a novel cell death process which displays a promising role in cancer treatment. However, clinically available drugs targeting ferroptosis are rarely used, and yet there are no studies reporting on inducing ferroptosis via Chinese herbal extracts. Here we explored the tumor inhibition effects of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> (<i>G. lucidum</i>) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Specifically, we aimed to clarify the biological mechanism of components in the dietary, aqueous-soluble sporoderm-removed <i>G. lucidum</i> spore powder (A-GSP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Preliminary transcriptome analysis revealed the significant enrichment of the ferroptosis pathway. Cellular Fe<sup>2+</sup>, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxide levels were measured to identify ferroptosis occurrence. Western blotting was used to measure ferroptosis-related proteins. Changes in mitochondria morphology and function were observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ATP detection assays. Ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 was then used to verify the anti-tumor effects of A-GSP. Finally, nude mice xenograft models of oral cancer confirmed that A-GSP inhibited tumor growth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A-GSP promoted ferroptosis in oral cancer cells by inducing Fe<sup>2+</sup> influx, GSH depletion, as well as lipid peroxide and ROS accumulation. Ferroptosis-related proteins exhibited corresponding changes, particularly Acyl-coA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4) increase and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) decrease. A-GSP considerably lowered mitochondrial volume and ridge number, while significantly decreasing ATP production. Ferrostatin-1 reversed all of these A-GSP-induced changes. <i>In vivo</i>, A-GSP exerted a ferroptosis-mediated tumor-suppressing effect without observable adverse reactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of A-GSP for treating patients with OSCC by targeting ferroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9830,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu","volume":"35 2","pages":"176-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10167607/pdf/cjcr-35-2-176.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Aqueous-soluble components of sporoderm-removed <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> spore powder promote ferroptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.\",\"authors\":\"Xiangping Wu, Qingnan Wu, Yan Wang, Yehai Liu, Zhenhao Li, Qingchuan Liu, Zhengming Huang, Mingyan Li, Bin Zhang, Qimin Zhan\",\"doi\":\"10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.02.07\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Ferroptosis is a novel cell death process which displays a promising role in cancer treatment. However, clinically available drugs targeting ferroptosis are rarely used, and yet there are no studies reporting on inducing ferroptosis via Chinese herbal extracts. Here we explored the tumor inhibition effects of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> (<i>G. lucidum</i>) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Specifically, we aimed to clarify the biological mechanism of components in the dietary, aqueous-soluble sporoderm-removed <i>G. lucidum</i> spore powder (A-GSP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Preliminary transcriptome analysis revealed the significant enrichment of the ferroptosis pathway. Cellular Fe<sup>2+</sup>, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxide levels were measured to identify ferroptosis occurrence. Western blotting was used to measure ferroptosis-related proteins. Changes in mitochondria morphology and function were observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ATP detection assays. Ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 was then used to verify the anti-tumor effects of A-GSP. Finally, nude mice xenograft models of oral cancer confirmed that A-GSP inhibited tumor growth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A-GSP promoted ferroptosis in oral cancer cells by inducing Fe<sup>2+</sup> influx, GSH depletion, as well as lipid peroxide and ROS accumulation. Ferroptosis-related proteins exhibited corresponding changes, particularly Acyl-coA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4) increase and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) decrease. A-GSP considerably lowered mitochondrial volume and ridge number, while significantly decreasing ATP production. Ferrostatin-1 reversed all of these A-GSP-induced changes. <i>In vivo</i>, A-GSP exerted a ferroptosis-mediated tumor-suppressing effect without observable adverse reactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of A-GSP for treating patients with OSCC by targeting ferroptosis.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9830,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu\",\"volume\":\"35 2\",\"pages\":\"176-190\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-04-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10167607/pdf/cjcr-35-2-176.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.02.07\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.02.07","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqueous-soluble components of sporoderm-removed Ganoderma lucidum spore powder promote ferroptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Objective: Ferroptosis is a novel cell death process which displays a promising role in cancer treatment. However, clinically available drugs targeting ferroptosis are rarely used, and yet there are no studies reporting on inducing ferroptosis via Chinese herbal extracts. Here we explored the tumor inhibition effects of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Specifically, we aimed to clarify the biological mechanism of components in the dietary, aqueous-soluble sporoderm-removed G. lucidum spore powder (A-GSP).
Methods: Preliminary transcriptome analysis revealed the significant enrichment of the ferroptosis pathway. Cellular Fe2+, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxide levels were measured to identify ferroptosis occurrence. Western blotting was used to measure ferroptosis-related proteins. Changes in mitochondria morphology and function were observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ATP detection assays. Ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 was then used to verify the anti-tumor effects of A-GSP. Finally, nude mice xenograft models of oral cancer confirmed that A-GSP inhibited tumor growth.
Results: A-GSP promoted ferroptosis in oral cancer cells by inducing Fe2+ influx, GSH depletion, as well as lipid peroxide and ROS accumulation. Ferroptosis-related proteins exhibited corresponding changes, particularly Acyl-coA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4) increase and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) decrease. A-GSP considerably lowered mitochondrial volume and ridge number, while significantly decreasing ATP production. Ferrostatin-1 reversed all of these A-GSP-induced changes. In vivo, A-GSP exerted a ferroptosis-mediated tumor-suppressing effect without observable adverse reactions.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of A-GSP for treating patients with OSCC by targeting ferroptosis.
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