伤害流行病学研究中的因果推断与个案研究。

3区 医学
Current Epidemiology Reports Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-29 DOI:10.1007/s40471-022-00306-8
Andrew G Rundle, Michael D M Bader, Charles C Branas, Gina S Lovasi, Stephen J Mooney, Christopher N Morrison, Kathryn M Neckerman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

审查目的:我们通过死亡分析报告系统数据的示例分析,审查了“仅病例设计”在伤害流行病学中的两种实施方式的应用和局限性。最近的发现:“仅病例设计”一词涵盖了各种流行病学设计;在此,回顾了该设计的两种实施方式:(1)揭示病因异质性的研究和(2)测量暴露效应修饰的研究。这两种设计产生的结果需要不同的解释,并依赖于不同的假设。两种设计中更常用的仅针对暴露效应修改的案例设计的关键假设通常不适用于伤害,因此无法解释使用该设计的研究结果。识别损伤风险的病因异质性的仅病例设计是可解释的,但只有当病例系列被概念化为源于潜在队列时。总结:使用仅病例设计的研究结果在损伤文献中通常被误解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Causal Inference with Case-Only Studies in Injury Epidemiology Research.

Causal Inference with Case-Only Studies in Injury Epidemiology Research.

Purpose of review: We review the application and limitations of two implementations of the "case-only design" in injury epidemiology with example analyses of Fatality Analysis Reporting System data.

Recent findings: The term "case-only design" covers a variety of epidemiologic designs; here, two implementations of the design are reviewed: (1) studies to uncover etiological heterogeneity and (2) studies to measure exposure effect modification. These two designs produce results that require different interpretations and rely upon different assumptions. The key assumption of case-only designs for exposure effect modification, the more commonly used of the two designs, does not commonly hold for injuries and so results from studies using this design cannot be interpreted. Case-only designs to identify etiological heterogeneity in injury risk are interpretable but only when the case-series is conceptualized as arising from an underlying cohort.

Summary: The results of studies using case-only designs are commonly misinterpreted in the injury literature.

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来源期刊
Current Epidemiology Reports
Current Epidemiology Reports OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY-
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