体育锻炼、健康益处和死亡风险。

Peter Kokkinos
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引用次数: 233

摘要

来自大型研究的大量流行病学证据明确支持身体活动量、健康、心血管疾病和总体死亡率之间存在独立的负相关和分级关联。这种关联在表面健康的个体、高血压患者、2型糖尿病患者和心血管疾病患者中都很明显,与体重无关。此外,与缺乏运动相关的风险程度与更传统的心血管风险因素相似,在某些情况下甚至更强。运动带来的健康益处部分与通过增加体育活动或有组织的锻炼计划观察到的心血管风险因素的有利调节有关。尽管运动成分、强度、持续时间和频率对降低死亡风险的独立贡献尚不清楚,但人们普遍认为,每周消耗约1,000千卡的运动量阈值似乎是显著降低死亡风险所必需的。随着能量消耗的增加,风险会进一步降低。体力消耗也与心脏事件的风险相对较低和短暂的增加有关。对于老年人和久坐不动的人来说,这种风险要高得多。因此,这些人在进行运动之前应该咨询他们的医生。“行走是人类最好的良药”希波克拉底。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Physical activity, health benefits, and mortality risk.

Physical activity, health benefits, and mortality risk.

A plethora of epidemiologic evidence from large studies supports unequivocally an inverse, independent, and graded association between volume of physical activity, health, and cardiovascular and overall mortality. This association is evident in apparently healthy individuals, patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease, regardless of body weight. Moreover, the degree of risk associated with physical inactivity is similar to, and in some cases even stronger than, the more traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The exercise-induced health benefits are in part related to favorable modulations of cardiovascular risk factors observed by increased physical activity or structured exercise programs. Although the independent contribution of the exercise components, intensity, duration, and frequency to the reduction of mortality risk is not clear, it is well accepted that an exercise volume threshold defined at caloric expenditure of approximately 1,000 Kcal per week appears to be necessary for significant reduction in mortality risk. Further reductions in risk are observed with higher volumes of energy expenditure. Physical exertion is also associated with a relatively low and transient increase in risk for cardiac events. This risk is significantly higher for older and sedentary individuals. Therefore, such individuals should consult their physician prior to engaging in exercise."Walking is man's best medicine"Hippocrates.

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