"It's the not being seen that is most tiresome": Older women, invisibility and social (in)justice.

Older women experience intersectional discrimination at the nexus of ageism and sexism. This is embodied, women's aging bodies being culturally devalued within youth-privileging cultures and the hyper-sexualization of younger, able-bodied, women. Older women often face the dilemma of attempting to mask the signs of aging or aging "authentically" but encountering heightened stigma, prejudice, and discrimination. Very old women in the fourth age who "fail" to age "successfully" are subject to extreme social exclusion. Many older women speak of experiencing a loss of visibility as they age, however how this occurs, and what it means, has not yet been analyzed in depth. This is an important issue, as recognition-cultural status and visibility-is essential for social justice. This article reports on findings taken from a U.K. survey on experiences of ageism and sexism completed by 158 heterosexual, lesbian, and bisexual women aged 50 to 89. Their perceived invisibility took five forms: (a) being under-seen/mis-seen in the media; (b) being mis-seen as objects of sexual undesirability; (c) being "ignored" in consumer, social, and public spaces; (d) being "grandmotherized," that is, seen only through the lens of (often incorrectly) presumed grandmotherhood; (e) being patronized and erroneously assumed to be incompetent. The findings are compared with Fraser's social justice model. The argument presented is that older women's experiences of nonrecognition and misrecognition are profound sources of social injustice. Both increased visibility and cultural worth are needed for older women to enjoy the benefits of social justice in later life.