KRAS 通路:癌症治疗和诊断的潜在通道。

IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 ONCOLOGY
Pankaj Kumar Tripathi, Khushi R Mittal, Nandini Jain, Naveen Sharma, Chakresh Kumar Jain
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引用次数: 0

摘要

癌症的主要干扰途径之一是 "Kirsten 大鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源物(KRAS)途径",它最近被证明是治疗和诊断中最关键的途径。KRAS 通路包括许多基因。这一多组分信号系统通过将信号从细胞外部传递到细胞内部,促进细胞生长、分裂、存活和死亡。KRAS 可调控多种信号分子的激活。KRAS 致癌基因是导致多种恶性肿瘤的关键因素,该基因的突变等级是多种肿瘤的主要特征。对于某些恶性肿瘤,该基因的突变类型可提供预后、临床和预测方面的信息。KRAS属于RAS癌基因家族,该家族由一系列小的GTP结合蛋白组成,它们吸收环境输入并触发内部信号通路,从而控制生存、细胞分化和增殖。本综述旨在研究近期在确定针对 KRAS 的新疗法方面取得的令人着迷的突破,包括不断扩展的降低 KRAS 活性和信号转导的实验方法以及直接靶向 KRAS 的方法。我们进行了一项文献调查。在 PubMed 和 Google Patents 上找到了所有与 KRAS 途径、KRAS 基因突变、癌症治疗和诊断有关的文章和专利。K-RAS 蛋白突变是导致人类癌症的最常见原因之一。破解 KRAS 介导的信号转导极为困难。它允许信号从细胞外表面传导到细胞核,对细胞趋化、分裂、扩散和细胞死亡等各种关键细胞功能产生影响。其他涉及的信号通路有 RAF 和磷脂酰肌醇 3 激酶(又称 AKT)。如果没有 KRAS,表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)通路就不完整。PI3K 的激活在很大程度上导致 KRAS 突变的结直肠癌细胞系对 MEK 抑制剂和抗 EGFR 的混合物产生抗药性。最近一系列针对癌症诊断和治疗的专利研究表明,突变蛋白 KRAS 是人类肿瘤的重要驱动因素。对于结直肠癌的预后、诊断和治疗,KRAS 起着至关重要的作用。本综述总结了在发现用于诊断的新技术和靶向 KRAS 的药物方面的最新进展、信号传导和抑制 KRAS 功能的实验技术的进步,以及直接靶向 KRAS 的癌症疗法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
KRAS Pathways: A Potential Gateway for Cancer Therapeutics and Diagnostics.

One of the major disturbing pathways within cancer is "The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) pathway", and it has recently been demonstrated to be the most crucial in therapies and diagnostics. KRAS pathway includes numerous genes. This multi-component signaling system promotes cell growth, division, survival, and death by transferring signals from outside the cell to its interior. KRAS regulates the activation of a variety of signaling molecules. The KRAS oncogene is a key player in advancing a wide range of malignancies, and the mutation rank of this gene is a key feature of several tumors. For some malignancies, the mutation type of the gene may offer information about prognostic, clinical, and predictive. KRAS belongs to the RAS oncogene family, which consists of a compilation of minor GTP-binding proteins that assimilate environmental inputs and trigger internal signaling pathways that control survival, cell differentiation, and proliferation. This review aims to examine the recent and fascinating breakthroughs in the identification of new therapies that target KRAS, including the ever-expanding experimental approaches for reducing KRAS activity and signaling as well as direct targeting of KRAS. A literature survey was performed. All the relevant articles and patents related to the KRAS pathway, the mutation in the KRAS gene, cancer treatment, and diagnostics were found on PubMed and Google Patents. One of the most prevalent causes of cancer in humans is a mutation in the K-RAS protein. It is extremely difficult to decipher KRAS-mediated signaling. It allows transducing signals to go from the cell's outer surface to its nucleus, having an influence on a variety of crucial cellular functions including cell chemotaxis, division, dissemination, and cell death. Other involved signaling pathways are RAF, and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase also known as AKT. The EGFR pathway is incomplete without KRAS. The activation of PI3K significantly contributes to acquiring resistance to a mixture of MEK inhibitors and anti-EGFR in colorectal cancer cell lines which are mutated by KRAS. A series of recent patent studies towards cancer diagnostics and therapeutics reveals the paramount importance of mutated protein KRAS as an extensive driver in human tumors. For the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of colorectal cancer, KRAS plays a critical role. This review concludes the latest and vowing developments in the discovery of novel techniques for diagnosis and drugs that target KRAS, the advancements in experimental techniques for signaling and inhibiting KRAS function, and the direct targeting of KRAS for cancer therapeutics.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
7.10%
发文量
55
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Aims & Scope Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery publishes review and research articles that reflect or deal with studies in relation to a patent, application of reported patents in a study, discussion of comparison of results regarding application of a given patent, etc., and also guest edited thematic issues on recent patents in the field of anti-cancer drug discovery e.g. on novel bioactive compounds, analogs, targets & predictive biomarkers & drug efficacy biomarkers. The journal also publishes book reviews of eBooks and books on anti-cancer drug discovery. A selection of important and recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery is also included in the journal. The journal is essential reading for all researchers involved in anti-cancer drug design and discovery. The journal also covers recent research (where patents have been registered) in fast emerging therapeutic areas/targets & therapeutic agents related to anti-cancer drug discovery.
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