Microalgae-based biodiesel production and its challenges and future opportunities: A review

The rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and rising greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions have necessitated research into low-cost renewable energy sources, with a focus on algal-derived biofuels. Biodiesel, a sustainable alternative fuel, can be derived from a variety of biological sources Microalgae-based biodiesel production offers an innovative method of generating renewable and sustainable energy. By utilizing advanced cultivation techniques, such as photobioreactors and open pond systems, microalgae can be grown efficiently and in large quantities. Furthermore, various methods, such as lipid extraction and transesterification, are employed to convert the lipid-rich microalgae biomass into biodiesel. However, to make microalgae-based biodiesel production more cost-effective and sustainable, several challenges need to be addressed, such as higher production costs, reduced productivity rates, and potential environmental impacts. Future opportunities lie in creating cost-effective and sustainable methods for cultivating and harvesting microalgae, improving lipid yields, and creating effective conversion methods. Overall, microalgae-based biodiesel production shows promise as a renewable and sustainable energy source. However, further research and development must take place to realize its full potential and reap its rewards.