Nataša Radosavljević-Stevanović , Aleksandra Kovačević , Dragan Manojlović , Petar Ristivojević
{"title":"结合图像处理和化学计量学的高效薄层色谱法在大麻化学型鉴定中的应用","authors":"Nataša Radosavljević-Stevanović , Aleksandra Kovačević , Dragan Manojlović , Petar Ristivojević","doi":"10.1016/j.forc.2023.100528","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Cannabis sativa</em> L. is the most widely cultivated, trafficked, and abused illicit drug. The reliable distinction between drug type and fiber type <em>C. sativa</em> remains a topic of interest for forensic chemists. For the first time, we applied a combination of simple, cost-effective, and reliable High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) with image analysis as well as sophisticated multivariate tools for differentiating <em>C. sativa</em> drug, fiber and intermediate chemotypes. After extraction, major cannabinoids from 43 seized <em>C. sativa</em> were separated using the HPTLC method. Peak areas of Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC, CBN, and CBD were calculated by simple image processing, and <em>Xfactor</em> = [THC + CBN]/CBD was determined as criteria used to discriminate three <em>C. sativa</em> chemotypes. The obtained results were compared with Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) as the reference method for the determination of <em>Xfactor</em>.</p><p>Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchic Cluster Analysis were applied to classify three <em>C. sativa</em> chemotypes according to their chemical pattern. The proposed approach clearly distinguishes 26 drugs, 13 fiber, and 4 intermediate chemotypes in seized <em>C. sativa</em>, aligning with GC-FID analysis. The results showed that the HPTLC technique in combination with multivariate methods is an accurate and reliable tool for high-throughput and forensic screening of three <em>C. sativa</em> chemotypes. Compounds such as Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC and CBD were marked as the most important cannabinoids responsible for the classification of the seized <em>C. sativa</em> chemotypes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":324,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Chemistry","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography hyphenated with image processing and chemometrics as a tool for forensic discrimination of Cannabis sativa L. chemotypes\",\"authors\":\"Nataša Radosavljević-Stevanović , Aleksandra Kovačević , Dragan Manojlović , Petar Ristivojević\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.forc.2023.100528\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p><em>Cannabis sativa</em> L. is the most widely cultivated, trafficked, and abused illicit drug. The reliable distinction between drug type and fiber type <em>C. sativa</em> remains a topic of interest for forensic chemists. For the first time, we applied a combination of simple, cost-effective, and reliable High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) with image analysis as well as sophisticated multivariate tools for differentiating <em>C. sativa</em> drug, fiber and intermediate chemotypes. After extraction, major cannabinoids from 43 seized <em>C. sativa</em> were separated using the HPTLC method. Peak areas of Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC, CBN, and CBD were calculated by simple image processing, and <em>Xfactor</em> = [THC + CBN]/CBD was determined as criteria used to discriminate three <em>C. sativa</em> chemotypes. The obtained results were compared with Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) as the reference method for the determination of <em>Xfactor</em>.</p><p>Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchic Cluster Analysis were applied to classify three <em>C. sativa</em> chemotypes according to their chemical pattern. The proposed approach clearly distinguishes 26 drugs, 13 fiber, and 4 intermediate chemotypes in seized <em>C. sativa</em>, aligning with GC-FID analysis. The results showed that the HPTLC technique in combination with multivariate methods is an accurate and reliable tool for high-throughput and forensic screening of three <em>C. sativa</em> chemotypes. Compounds such as Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC and CBD were marked as the most important cannabinoids responsible for the classification of the seized <em>C. sativa</em> chemotypes.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":324,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Forensic Chemistry\",\"volume\":\"36 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100528\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-09-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Forensic Chemistry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468170923000644\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Forensic Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468170923000644","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography hyphenated with image processing and chemometrics as a tool for forensic discrimination of Cannabis sativa L. chemotypes
Cannabis sativa L. is the most widely cultivated, trafficked, and abused illicit drug. The reliable distinction between drug type and fiber type C. sativa remains a topic of interest for forensic chemists. For the first time, we applied a combination of simple, cost-effective, and reliable High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) with image analysis as well as sophisticated multivariate tools for differentiating C. sativa drug, fiber and intermediate chemotypes. After extraction, major cannabinoids from 43 seized C. sativa were separated using the HPTLC method. Peak areas of Δ9-THC, CBN, and CBD were calculated by simple image processing, and Xfactor = [THC + CBN]/CBD was determined as criteria used to discriminate three C. sativa chemotypes. The obtained results were compared with Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) as the reference method for the determination of Xfactor.
Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchic Cluster Analysis were applied to classify three C. sativa chemotypes according to their chemical pattern. The proposed approach clearly distinguishes 26 drugs, 13 fiber, and 4 intermediate chemotypes in seized C. sativa, aligning with GC-FID analysis. The results showed that the HPTLC technique in combination with multivariate methods is an accurate and reliable tool for high-throughput and forensic screening of three C. sativa chemotypes. Compounds such as Δ9-THC and CBD were marked as the most important cannabinoids responsible for the classification of the seized C. sativa chemotypes.
期刊介绍：
Forensic Chemistry publishes high quality manuscripts focusing on the theory, research and application of any chemical science to forensic analysis. The scope of the journal includes fundamental advancements that result in a better understanding of the evidentiary significance derived from the physical and chemical analysis of materials. The scope of Forensic Chemistry will also include the application and or development of any molecular and atomic spectrochemical technique, electrochemical techniques, sensors, surface characterization techniques, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, chemometrics and statistics, and separation sciences (e.g. chromatography) that provide insight into the forensic analysis of materials. Evidential topics of interest to the journal include, but are not limited to, fingerprint analysis, drug analysis, ignitable liquid residue analysis, explosives detection and analysis, the characterization and comparison of trace evidence (glass, fibers, paints and polymers, tapes, soils and other materials), ink and paper analysis, gunshot residue analysis, synthetic pathways for drugs, toxicology and the analysis and chemistry associated with the components of fingermarks. The journal is particularly interested in receiving manuscripts that report advances in the forensic interpretation of chemical evidence. Technology Readiness Level: When submitting an article to Forensic Chemistry, all authors will be asked to self-assign a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) to their article. The purpose of the TRL system is to help readers understand the level of maturity of an idea or method, to help track the evolution of readiness of a given technique or method, and to help filter published articles by the expected ease of implementation in an operation setting within a crime lab.
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