The knowledge level of nurses managing critically-ill and injured patients in Ashanti Region of Ghana

Background

Shortages in the right cadres of human resources to manage health emergencies remain an acute problem especially in low- and middle-income countries. Efforts to address this challenge are dependent on the knowledge and competency of emergency nurses. We sought to determine the knowledge level of nurses in emergency management in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional, quantitative approach to evaluate knowledge about emergency care among 408 nurses working in wards and emergency units in 11 randomly selected district hospitals (6 public and 5 faith-based). Participants were purposively selected and examined on knowledge level using a structured questionnaire. The inclusion criteria were different cadres of nurses who had spent at least 6 months in the selected hospitals.

Results

Four hundred and eight nurses participated. Most were general nurses (73.1 %) or mid-wives (14.4 %), with few specialised in emergency nursing (3.9 %) or critical care nursing (1.6 %). Mean percentage correct on an objective 20 question test on emergency care was 59.8 %. Few (35.6 %) nurses felt that they had adequate knowledge to manage emergencies. Around half (52.5 %) had received training in managing critically ill and injured patients through continuing professional development and 46.6 % felt prepared to work at emergency units. But few (34.7 %) reported having adequate logistics to manage emergencies and fewer (32.2 %) had time off to access training opportunities. Predictors of reporting adequate knowledge to manage emergencies included: having received training in managing critically ill and injured patients (p<.002), feeling prepared to work at emergency units (p<.001), and having adequate logistics to manage emergencies (p<.001).

Conclusion

Most nurses did not feel that they had adequate knowledge to manage emergencies. This study has identified increased availability of continuing professional development on emergency care for nurses as a priority in Ghana.