COVID-19引发的封锁对欧洲和北美陆地表面温度、气溶胶和城市热量的影响。

IF 11.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering
Bikash Ranjan Parida, Somnath Bar, Dimitris Kaskaoutis, Arvind Chandra Pandey, Suraj D Polade, Santonu Goswami
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引用次数: 33

摘要

SARS - CoV-2 (COVID-19)的爆发对全世界人类、社会和经济活动构成了严重威胁。由于人为排放和空气污染物的减少,世界范围内限制病毒传播的严格遏制措施对环境产生了若干有益影响,这为了解和量化人类对大气环境的影响提供了独特的机会。在本研究中,研究了在COVID-19严重影响地区,即欧洲和北美,陆地表面温度(LST)、气溶胶和大气水蒸气含量的相关变化。主要研究结果显示,与2015-2019年的平均值相比,2020年3月至5月,欧洲(-0.11°C至-2.6°C)、美国(-0.70°C)和加拿大(-0.27°C)的夜间标准化温度出现了大规模负异常,这在一定程度上可归因于封锁效应。降低的地表温度与气象站测得的气温负距平(-0.46°C ~ -0.96°C)相吻合。与农村地区相比,城市地区夜间地表温度下降幅度更大(下降1-2°C),这表明在封城期间,由于吸收气溶胶和空气污染物的大量减少,城市热岛效应较弱。相反,由于大气气溶胶对太阳辐射的衰减减少,欧洲大部分地区的白天地表温度增加。天气气象变率和一些与地面有关的因子可能掩盖这些变化,并显著影响地表温度、气溶胶和水蒸气含量的变化。地表温度的变化可能是封城期间的暂时现象,但为研究各种强迫控制因素对城市小气候的影响提供了极好的机会,并为通过城市规划和政策实施实现潜在的环境效益提供了强有力的证据基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on land surface temperature, aerosol, and urban heat in Europe and North America.

Impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on land surface temperature, aerosol, and urban heat in Europe and North America.

Impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on land surface temperature, aerosol, and urban heat in Europe and North America.

Impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on land surface temperature, aerosol, and urban heat in Europe and North America.

The outbreak of SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) has posed a serious threat to human beings, society, and economic activities all over the world. Worldwide rigorous containment measures for limiting the spread of the virus have several beneficial environmental implications due to decreased anthropogenic emissions and air pollutants, which provide a unique opportunity to understand and quantify the human impact on atmospheric environment. In the present study, the associated changes in Land Surface Temperature (LST), aerosol, and atmospheric water vapor content were investigated over highly COVID-19 impacted areas, namely, Europe and North America. The key findings revealed a large-scale negative standardized LST anomaly during nighttime across Europe (-0.11 °C to -2.6 °C), USA (-0.70 °C) and Canada (-0.27 °C) in March-May of the pandemic year 2020 compared to the mean of 2015-2019, which can be partly ascribed to the lockdown effect. The reduced LST was corroborated with the negative anomaly of air temperature measured at meteorological stations (i.e. -0.46 °C to -0.96 °C). A larger decrease in nighttime LST was also seen in urban areas (by ∼1-2 °C) compared to rural landscapes, which suggests a weakness of the urban heat island effect during the lockdown period due to large decrease in absorbing aerosols and air pollutants. On the contrary, daytime LST increased over most parts of Europe due to less attenuation of solar radiation by atmospheric aerosols. Synoptic meteorological variability and several surface-related factors may mask these changes and significantly affect the variations in LST, aerosols and water vapor content. The changes in LST may be a temporary phenomenon during the lockdown but provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the effects of various forcing controlling factors in urban microclimate and a strong evidence base for potential environmental benefits through urban planning and policy implementation.

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来源期刊
Sustainable Cities and Society
Sustainable Cities and Society CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGYGREEN &-GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
CiteScore
18.40
自引率
13.70%
发文量
810
期刊介绍: Sustainable Cities and Society (SCS) is an international journal focusing on fundamental and applied research aimed at designing, understanding, and promoting environmentally sustainable and socially resilient cities.
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