马的硬膜外和脊髓麻醉与镇痛

Cláudio C. Natalini DVM, MS, PhD , Bernd Driessen DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVA & ECVPT
{"title":"马的硬膜外和脊髓麻醉与镇痛","authors":"Cláudio C. Natalini DVM, MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Bernd Driessen DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVA & ECVPT","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.008","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In human and animal anesthesia, epidural and spinal administration of drugs is used to provide surgical anesthesia and/or postoperative analgesia. Several local anesthetic drugs are used to produce epidural anesthesia, such as lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and mepivacaine. Epidural analgesia is obtained with opioid agonists, alpha<sub>2</sub><span>-adrenergic agonists, and ketamine. In horses, caudal epidural anesthesia is used to desensitize the anus, rectum, perineum, vulva, vagina, urethra, and bladder. The goal is to produce surgical regional anesthesia without losing motor function of the hind limbs. A combination of a local anesthetic drug with an alpha</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>-adrenergic agonist or an opioid is the most popular option as this combination extends the period of action of the epidural anesthesia or analgesia in horses, humans, and small animals. Spinal analgesia and anesthesia has not been used in horses as an adjunct to general anesthesia as much as it has in small animals and human beings. The epidural administration of opioids with or without local anesthetics is commonly performed in dogs and </span>cats before surgery to reduce general anesthetic requirements as well as to provide intraoperative and postoperative pain control. The perioperative use of epidural and spinal analgesia in horses is likely to increase in the future as recent studies have shown that administration of epidural or subarachnoid alpha</span><sub>2</sub>-adrenergic agonists, phencyclidines, opioids, and low-dose local anesthetic produce intense antinociceptive effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.008","citationCount":"38","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Epidural and Spinal Anesthesia and Analgesia in the Equine\",\"authors\":\"Cláudio C. Natalini DVM, MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Bernd Driessen DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVA & ECVPT\",\"doi\":\"10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.008\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>In human and animal anesthesia, epidural and spinal administration of drugs is used to provide surgical anesthesia and/or postoperative analgesia. Several local anesthetic drugs are used to produce epidural anesthesia, such as lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and mepivacaine. Epidural analgesia is obtained with opioid agonists, alpha<sub>2</sub><span>-adrenergic agonists, and ketamine. In horses, caudal epidural anesthesia is used to desensitize the anus, rectum, perineum, vulva, vagina, urethra, and bladder. The goal is to produce surgical regional anesthesia without losing motor function of the hind limbs. A combination of a local anesthetic drug with an alpha</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>-adrenergic agonist or an opioid is the most popular option as this combination extends the period of action of the epidural anesthesia or analgesia in horses, humans, and small animals. Spinal analgesia and anesthesia has not been used in horses as an adjunct to general anesthesia as much as it has in small animals and human beings. The epidural administration of opioids with or without local anesthetics is commonly performed in dogs and </span>cats before surgery to reduce general anesthetic requirements as well as to provide intraoperative and postoperative pain control. The perioperative use of epidural and spinal analgesia in horses is likely to increase in the future as recent studies have shown that administration of epidural or subarachnoid alpha</span><sub>2</sub>-adrenergic agonists, phencyclidines, opioids, and low-dose local anesthetic produce intense antinociceptive effects.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":100279,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice\",\"volume\":\"6 2\",\"pages\":\"Pages 145-153\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2007-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2007.05.008\",\"citationCount\":\"38\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534751607000200\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534751607000200","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 38

摘要

在人类和动物麻醉中,硬膜外和脊髓给药用于提供手术麻醉和/或术后镇痛。几种局部麻醉药物用于硬膜外麻醉,如利多卡因、布比卡因、罗哌卡因和甲哌卡因。硬膜外镇痛可通过阿片激动剂、α 2-肾上腺素能激动剂和氯胺酮获得。在马身上,尾侧硬膜外麻醉用于使肛门、直肠、会阴、外阴、阴道、尿道和膀胱脱敏。目的是在不失去后肢运动功能的情况下进行手术区域麻醉。局部麻醉药物与α 2-肾上腺素能激动剂或阿片类药物联合使用是最流行的选择,因为这种组合延长了马、人类和小动物硬膜外麻醉或镇痛的作用时间。脊柱镇痛和麻醉还没有像在小动物和人类身上那样,在马身上作为全身麻醉的辅助使用。在狗和猫的手术前,通常会在有或没有局麻药的情况下硬膜外给药阿片类药物,以减少全身麻醉需求,并提供术中和术后疼痛控制。由于最近的研究表明,硬膜外或蛛网膜下的α - 2肾上腺素能激动剂、苯环利定、阿片类药物和低剂量局麻药可产生强烈的抗伤害作用,因此在马的围手术期使用硬膜外和脊髓镇痛可能会增加。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Epidural and Spinal Anesthesia and Analgesia in the Equine

In human and animal anesthesia, epidural and spinal administration of drugs is used to provide surgical anesthesia and/or postoperative analgesia. Several local anesthetic drugs are used to produce epidural anesthesia, such as lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and mepivacaine. Epidural analgesia is obtained with opioid agonists, alpha2-adrenergic agonists, and ketamine. In horses, caudal epidural anesthesia is used to desensitize the anus, rectum, perineum, vulva, vagina, urethra, and bladder. The goal is to produce surgical regional anesthesia without losing motor function of the hind limbs. A combination of a local anesthetic drug with an alpha2-adrenergic agonist or an opioid is the most popular option as this combination extends the period of action of the epidural anesthesia or analgesia in horses, humans, and small animals. Spinal analgesia and anesthesia has not been used in horses as an adjunct to general anesthesia as much as it has in small animals and human beings. The epidural administration of opioids with or without local anesthetics is commonly performed in dogs and cats before surgery to reduce general anesthetic requirements as well as to provide intraoperative and postoperative pain control. The perioperative use of epidural and spinal analgesia in horses is likely to increase in the future as recent studies have shown that administration of epidural or subarachnoid alpha2-adrenergic agonists, phencyclidines, opioids, and low-dose local anesthetic produce intense antinociceptive effects.

求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信