Enhanced the Physical Properties of Thin Films by Doping Zinc Oxide with Tin Prepared by the Pyrolysis Technique

Spray pyrolysis was used in this work to create un-doped ZnO and Sn-doped films with varying mass fractions (2, 4, 6, and 8wt.%) of doping on a glass substrate. The effect of Sn doping on the optical and structural characteristics of the produced thin films was investigated. All of the films were polycrystalline and possessed a structure of hexagonal wurtzite with a preference for orientation along the (002) plane, according to XRD investigations. The peak intensity (002) for 6 wt% is higher than all of the chosen doping ratios. Except for the 8% that was (21) nm, the grain size (D) increased from (22-26) nm as the percentage of Sn doping increased. In order to evaluate the optical characteristics, the absorption and transmittance spectra were recorded in different wavelength ranges of 380-900 nm. This shows that, compared to the un-doped film, the absorbance decreases as the amount of doped tin increases. When the doping ratio ranged from (0 - 8) wt%, the optical energy gap was (3.23-3.59) eV. The transmittance increases with the percentage of Sn doping, reaching its maximum value (72%) at (8%) doping.