Myeloid Sarcoma of the Urinary Bladder Associated With t(8;21): Case Report and Review of the Literature

Myeloid sarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of myeloid lineage that occurs in extramedullary sites, frequently in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and other myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic syndromes. Myeloid sarcoma of the urinary bladder is exceptionally rare, and although themost common cytogenetic abnormality associated with this lesion is t(8;21)/RUNXRUNX1T1, to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports of this in patients with bladder involvement. We report a case of a 30-year-old man with a urinary bladder mass, which was consistent with myeloid sarcomawith t(8;21). The importance of myeloid sarcoma of the bladder is that it could be misdiagnosed and must be differentiated from other poorly differentiated bladder tumors composed of round cells, mainly because it is amalignant neoplasm with a good response to treatment, which does not require surgery.