在应对大流行病期间,在救护车工作区内使用负压隔离舱。

IF 0.8 4区 医学 Q4 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL
Mirle Pena, Dylan T Neu, H Amy Feng, Duane R Hammond, Kenneth R Mead, Rupak K Banerjee
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引用次数: 0

摘要

与普通公众相比,紧急医疗服务(EMS)提供者接触传染性病原体的可能性更高(Nguyen 等人,2020 年,"Risk of COVID-19 Among Frontline Healthcare Workers and the General Community:前瞻性队列研究》,《柳叶刀公共卫生》,5(9), pp.e475-e483; Brown et al., 2021, "Risk for Acquiring Coronavirus Disease Illness Among Emergency Medical Service Personnel Exposed to Aerosol-Generating Procedures," Emer.Infect.疾病杂志》,27(9),第 2340 页)。使用防护设备可以降低但不能消除他们因接触这些设备而感染的风险。院前环境具有很高的疾病传播风险,会使急救服务提供者接触到来自传染病患者的生物气溶胶和飞沫。现场插管过程可能会产生生物气溶胶,从而增加急救人员接触病原体的机会。此外,救护车的容积比医院治疗空间小,通常没有空气过滤系统,也没有控制机制来减少接触。本研究对降低救护车病人舱内气溶胶浓度的隔离加过滤干预措施进行了评估。在辛辛那提国家职业安全与健康研究所(NIOSH)的一辆无人研究救护车上,使用示踪气溶胶和光学粒子计数器(OPCs)对气溶胶浓度进行了测量。所评估的过滤干预措施是一个带有高效微粒空气 (HEPA) 过滤抽排系统的隔离舱,该系统是根据其在插管过程中容纳、捕获和清除气溶胶的能力而开发和测试的。测试了三种情况(1)基线(无干预);(2)带 HEPA-1 的隔离舱;(3)带 HEPA-2 的隔离舱。与基线条件相比,带 HEPA 过滤抽排装置的隔离舱可在气溶胶产生过程中抑制 95% 的总颗粒浓度,随后在隔离舱内进行快速空气净化。这种干预措施有助于在执行产生气溶胶的程序时降低救护车病人舱内的气溶胶浓度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Use of a Negative Pressure Containment Pod Within Ambulance-Workspace During Pandemic Response.

Emergency medical service (EMS) providers have a higher potential exposure to infectious agents than the general public (Nguyen et al., 2020, "Risk of COVID-19 Among Frontline Healthcare Workers and the General Community: A Prospective Cohort Study," Lancet Pub. Health, 5(9), pp. e475-e483; Brown et al., 2021, "Risk for Acquiring Coronavirus Disease Illness Among Emergency Medical Service Personnel Exposed to Aerosol-Generating Procedures," Emer. Infect. Disease J., 27(9), p. 2340). The use of protective equipment may reduce, but does not eliminate their risk of becoming infected as a result of these exposures. Prehospital environments have a high risk of disease transmission exposing EMS providers to bioaerosols and droplets from infectious patients. Field intubation procedures may be performed causing the generation of bioaerosols, thereby increasing the exposure of EMS workers to pathogens. Additionally, ambulances have a reduced volume compared to a hospital treatment space, often without an air filtration system, and no control mechanism to reduce exposure. This study evaluated a containment plus filtration intervention for reducing aerosol concentrations in the patient module of an ambulance. Aerosol concentration measurements were taken in an unoccupied research ambulance at National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Cincinnati using a tracer aerosol and optical particle counters (OPCs). The evaluated filtration intervention was a containment pod with a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filtered extraction system that was developed and tested based on its ability to contain, capture, and remove aerosols during the intubation procedure. Three conditions were tested (1) baseline (without intervention), (2) containment pod with HEPA-1, and (3) containment pod with HEPA-2. The containment pod with HEPA-filtered extraction intervention provided containment of 95% of the total generated particle concentration during aerosol generation relative to the baseline condition, followed by rapid air cleaning within the containment pod. This intervention can help reduce aerosol concentrations within ambulance patient modules while performing aerosol-generating procedures.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
11.10%
发文量
56
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Medical Devices presents papers on medical devices that improve diagnostic, interventional and therapeutic treatments focusing on applied research and the development of new medical devices or instrumentation. It provides special coverage of novel devices that allow new surgical strategies, new methods of drug delivery, or possible reductions in the complexity, cost, or adverse results of health care. The Design Innovation category features papers focusing on novel devices, including papers with limited clinical or engineering results. The Medical Device News section provides coverage of advances, trends, and events.
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