隐喻隐藏了什么:匈牙利村庄的害虫控制和反移民情绪

IF 0.4 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY
T. Safonova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2016年,匈牙利当局发起了一场反移民媒体运动,以应对数千名难民进入该国的移民危机。一些新闻节目将移民描绘成危险的群体,并将其与害虫进行视觉类比。在这篇文章中,我建议从另一个角度来看待这个隐喻的意义,即作为国家模型的花园。我的问题是:害虫的隐喻隐藏了什么?为什么它们在危机情况下变得如此流行?通过民族志,我展示了个人园艺经历是如何充满焦虑、恐惧、快乐和痛苦的,以及园丁的资源和地位如何塑造了他们与害虫斗争的策略。纳粹政权曾把移民比喻成害虫,这是一段痛苦的历史,但尽管名声不好,它仍然很受欢迎。我的民族志观察让我得出这样一个结论,这个比喻隐藏了私有财产的概念,但同时又挽救了私有财产的概念,并有助于将危机描述为对既定秩序的危险,而没有明确地将这个秩序本身的争议问题化。当公民被邀请就如何对待被视为寄生虫的移民进行公投时,他们获得了前所未有的权力来选择谁留在他们的国家,谁不受欢迎。这种民粹主义的方法将“园艺之国”转变为“园丁之国”,在这种状态下,与“杂草”和“害虫”的斗争成为每个公民的普通义务,而不是像“园艺之国”概念的作者齐格蒙特·鲍曼(Zygmunt Bauman)之前所描述的那样,是国家机构的权威任务。doi: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-5-25
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
What Metaphors Hide: Pest Control and Anti-Migrant Sentiments in a Hungarian Village
In 2016 the Hungarian authorities launched an anti-migrant media campaign in reaction to the migrant crisis when thousands of refugees entered the country. Some news programs depicted migrants as dangerous masses and created visual analogies with pests. In this article I propose to view the meaning of this metaphor from the other side, that of gardens, used as models for the state. My question is: What do metaphors of pests hide and why do they become so popular in situations of crisis? Through ethnography, I show how personal gardening experiences are filled with anxiety, fear, pleasure, and pain and how the resources and positions of gardeners shape their strategies in the struggle against pests. The metaphor of migrant as pest has a painful history of being used by the Nazi regime, but despite its bad reputation, it is still in demand. My ethnographic observations lead me to a conclusion that this metaphor conceals but simultaneouslyredeems the idea of private property and helps to describe crisis as a danger to the established order without explicitly problematizing this order’s own controversies. When citizens are invited to deliberate and express their opinion in a referendum on how to deal with migrants, who are presented as parasites, these citizen receive an unprecedentedpower to choose who stays and who is not welcome in their state. This populist approach transforms the “gardening state” into a “state of gardeners,” in which the struggle with “weeds” and “pests” becomes an ordinary duty of every citizen rather than an authoritative task of state institutions, as it was previously described by Zygmunt Bauman, the author of the “gardening state” concept. Article in English DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-5-25
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来源期刊
Laboratorium-Russian Review of Social Research
Laboratorium-Russian Review of Social Research SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY-
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